Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Plant nutrition and tranportation - Coggle Diagram
Plant nutrition and tranportation
Photosynthesis
A chemical reaction that takes place in the
chloroplast
in green plant cells, where
sunlight energy
is used to convert
carbon dioxide and water
into
oxygen and glucose
,
endothermic reaction
(captures energy)
The useful product of photosynthesis is glucose (sugar)
Glucose is used in a plant for
stored away as
starch
Starch
is
insoluble
to water (doesn't dissolve) meaning it is a good store
Starch test
https://microbenotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Leaf-Starch-Test.jpeg
you use iodine solution to test for starch
Used to make
cellulose
(building material)
Used to make
energy
from respiration
Produce
lipids
to make seeds nutrition store
to make building products for the plant
to make
protein
-->
nitrate
required
to make
chlorophyll
--> needs
magnesium ions
equation on photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide + water --> glcose + oxygen
Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
A limiting factor is something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes
Photosynthesis has 3 limiting factors
light
The intensity of the light available to the plant will affect the amount of energy that it has to carry out photosynthesis
The more sunlight the higher the rate of photosynthesis
The less sunlight the lower rate of fotosynthesis
https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/w=1920,f=auto/uploads/2020/01/The-effect-of-light-intensity-on-the-rate-of-photosynthesis.png
The more light the more energy and the more collisions that happen meaning that the rate of photosynthesis increases
CO2
the more CO2 the higher the rate of photosynthesis
The less CO2 the lower the rate of photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide is one of the raw materials required for photosynthesis
More CO2 means that there are more particles to colide meaning the rate of photosynthesis increases
https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/w=1920,f=auto/uploads/2020/01/The-effect-of-carbon-dioxide-concentration-on-the-rate-of-photosynthesis.png
CO2 test
https://www.biochemtuition.com/edexcel-igcse-biology-investigate-the-effect-of-light-on-net-gas-exchange-from-a-leaf/
temperature
The more heat, the more kinetic energy (the more the particles move), meaning the collision between particles will be higher and reaction rates will increase
The lower the temperature the lower the reaction rate
The higher the temperature the higher the reaction rate
At higher temperatures, enzymes melt and become denatured, meaning that photosynthesis can't happen as there are no enzymes for the reaction
https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/w=1920,f=auto/uploads/2020/01/The-effect-of-temperature-on-the-rate-of-photosynthesis.png
Amount of Chloroplasts
The more chloroplasts a plant has, the faster the rate of photosynthesis
Leaf
Parts of a leaf
lower epidemis
Contains guard cells and stomata
guard cell
opens or closes stomata to let CO2 in or O2 out
Becomes flaccied and closes when there is low water
Opens when thee is too much water(turgid)
https://old-ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/guard-cells_med.jpeg
Spongy mesophyll
Contains internal air spaces that increase the surface area to volume ratio for the diffusion of gases (mainly carbon dioxide)
palaside mesophyll
Column-shaped cells tightly packed with chloroplasts to absorb more light, maximising photosynthesis
stomata
Where gas exchange takes place, locked in night and open in day
Underneath of the leaf to stop water loss
Upper epidemis
Thin and transparen cell structuret to allow light to enter palisade mesophyll layer underneath it
vascular bundle
contains
xylem and pholem
Xylem
Transports water into the leaf for mesophyll cells to use in photosynthesis and for transpiration from stomata
Pholem
Transport glucose through out the plant
https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/w=1920,f=auto/uploads/2020/01/Structure-of-a-leaf.png
Waxy cuttlicle
Thin wax layer to protect leaf
Adaptation of leafs
Epidemis is transparent to let palaside to get more sunlight
Waxy layer to protect the leaf without blocking sunlight
More chlorophyll to allow more sunlight to be absorbed
spongy layer with holes to diffuse important gasses
Large surface area to absorb more sunlight
Thin- to allow sunlight to pass thought the whole leaf
Many veins- lots of water and glucose movement
Respiration
An exothermic reaction (releases energy) which transforms is used to transform glucose to energy
Uses of respiration
muscule contraptions
Temperature regulation
create large molecules (proteins)
Tyeps of respiration
Anerobic
Happens when there is an oxygen deficit (no oxygen)
Aerobic
Done when there is enough oxygen
takes place continuously
Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
glucose + oxygen --> CO2 + water + ATP
Transport system
Need for a transport system
Organisms need to exchange materials like food or waste, this happens through
diffusion, osmosis and active transport
Tranport system in unicellular organisms
https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/w=1920,f=auto/uploads/2021/07/Transport-in-unicellular-organisms.png
Transport in multicellular organsims
https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/w=1920,f=auto/uploads/2021/07/Transport-systems-in-plants-and-animals.png
Transport systems in pants
Pholem
Transport sucrose and amino acids. From leafs to other parts of the leaf
https://pmgbiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/phloem.gif
Consist of living cells arranged end to end
Contains cytoplasm
Contains sieve plates to regulate hydrocarbon movement
The movement of nutrients and other elements is called
translocation
Xylem
Transports water and mineral salts. From roots to leaf and other parts of the plant
https://studymind.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screen-Shot-2022-03-31-at-6.58.34-PM-198x300.png
Enlarged dead cells arranged end to end to form a hollow vessel
features
no cytoplasm
impermeable
tough walls
The process of transporting water is known as
transpiration
Vascular bundles in different parts of the plant
Root
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/ztmn8mn/large
Near the centre of the root to prevent forces from lifting the roots out of the ground
Stem
Has to resist compression and binding forces caused by the plan'ts weight and wind. The vascular bundles are at the edge of the storm, with the pholem being on the outside and the xylem on the inside