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P&SS- Introductory lecture - Coggle Diagram
P&SS- Introductory lecture
Basic Definitions
Social security--> e.g. NHS, right to work, voting, wages, welfare state, council housing, (gov looking after soc needs of citizens.)
GDP-->value of everything produced in economy in one year (helps provide a baseline for when looking at hose much country makes vs spends each year)
Universal Credit -->sanctions dropped completely during covid bc no one left house, afterwards however completely skyrocketed
Charles Booth and his studies into Poverty
Background
Time of London 1886 riots and 'Poverty Q' of richest empire has poor ppl??
Defined 'poor' as- those who have sufficiently regular but bare income, very poor below either due to irreg of work, lots of kids or sickness.
Covered whole city of London, interviewed school board visitors and not home directly, found high thriftlessness and alcoholic
Findings
Multiple parameters for level of wealth, e.g
Class A- semi-criminals, excluded from final classifications because he did bot consider them to be poor people but criminals.
Class B- hand-to-mouth, pleasure loving but always poor
Class C- pitiable class, struggling, suffering and helpless people.
30.7% London in poverty (alarming for richest empire), after he had stated that H Hinden's 25% estimate was wrong lol.
Conclusions and aftermath
CONC- poverty much more likely caused by unemploy and under than personal failures
REC- Class B sent to labour camps so class C can be raised out of poverty and make London look better,
State provis of education for kids
Pensions for all over 70
Influenced understanding of poverty and future attempts to conceptualise it.
Seebohm Rowntree
Conclusions
Rowntree's distinc btwn primary and secondary poverty influential
influenced subsequent appchs to conceptualise poverty
advance understanding of poverty
Study itself and findings
Incredibly detailed study, acknowl not all poor know how to have properly nutritious diet.
Attemtpt to put poverty line using three headings;
food
household rent (inclu rates)
household sundries (clothing, light, fuel)
Found? 1899, 27.84% York in poverty, 9.91% in primary, corroborates Booths', prim decreased to 1.7% by 1950.
Reasons? low wages, largeness of family or death of wage earner.
Background
Inspired by but smaller than Booth's work, was a major employer in London so important figure, understand how much he was paying ppl and what that meant then for their lifestyle etc.
Definition? poor= 'those in obvious want/squalor,' primary (min nesc spend for basic phys needs) and secondary (income supposed to be suffic but being spent on something else e.g. alcoholism)