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Integumentary system - Coggle Diagram
Integumentary system
(look at PP) the skin contains 2 layers
epidermis (outer) (stratified squamous epithelium)
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (only in think skin), stratum corneum
stratum lucidum - palms of hand and sols of feet
Keratin is tough waterproof protein
cells in epidermis - dendritic, tactile, melanocytes
Dermis (inner)
1 to 2 mm thick
contains projections called dermal papilla between epidermal ridges (fingerprints)
has sensory receptors and blood vessels
2 layers: papillary layer (areolar CT thinner), and Reticular layer (Dense irregular CT thicker)
hypodermis (areolar and adipose CT) not part of skin
skin color
melanin pigment = skin color (eumelanin, pheomelanin) (environmental factors and physiological factors)
skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, melanomas
Accessory structures of the skin
Hair follicles, nails, skin glands
Parts of nail: Nail plate, nail bed, nail matrix, lunula, cuticle
Hair follicles: root, bulb. shaft, papilla, arrector pili muscle
sebaceous glands: holocrine glands (produce sebum) (acne vulgaris) *
sweat glands: eccrine, apocrine sweat, specialized sweat glands *
originate from the epidermis, extend into dermis or hypodermis
Skin functions
Protective barrier, sensation, excretion, production of vitamin D, Regulation of body temperature
Heat loss through skin: (normal temp 98.6 F/37 C) Radiation, Conduction, Convection, Evaporation
Hyperthermia (hot), hypothermia (cold)
when body temperature rises and falls (mechanisms)
Inflamed skin may become: reddened, swollen, warm, painful
Cuts
Shallow cut (only epidermis), deep cut (reaching dermis or subcataneous layer), scab, clot, scar
Burns
Deep - partial thickness (second degree burn): destroys epidermis like from hot water
full thickness (third degree burn): destroys epidermis, dermis, accessory structures like from fire
Superficial - partial thickness (first degree burn): only epidermis like sunburn
Rule of nines: divides body surface into regions of 9% or multiples of 9
hair, nails, glands, sensory receptors