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Chapter 4 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4
Separation Techniques
Evaporation
- Heat is applied to the salt solution, which speeds up the change of water into water vapour
- Water has a lower boiling point than salt
- After water has finished boiling, salt is left behind
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Filtration
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process example
- a mixture of chalk and water is poured onto a filter funnel that is lined with filter paper
- The pores of the filter paper allows water particles to pass through while chalk particles are retained by the filter paper
- The solid that is left on the filter paper is called residue. The liquid that passes through the filter paper is called the filtrate
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Magnetic Attraction
process example
- A magnet is used to separate iron and sulfur
- Since iron is magnetic, the magnet is able to attract it and successfully remove it from the mixture
- Sulfur, being non-magnetic is left behind and both substances are separated
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Distillation
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process example
- The salt solution in the distillation flask is heated until it boils
- Water changes into steam which passes through the condenser, which has cold water running through it continuously
- The steam cools and condenses into pure water, and the salt present in the salt solution remains in the distillation flask
experiment items: distillation flask, boiling chips, condenser (water in at the bottom, out at the top to thoroughly cool the steam
the pure water is distillate, the salt left behind is residue
Paper Chromatography
process example
- A drop of ink is placed on the starting line on strip of filter paper
- The paper strip is then dipped in water, which is the solvent
- Water travels up the paper together with the substances in the ink
Starting line is drawn in pencil, not pen and ink can dissolve in the solvent
- the substance that travels the longest distance is most soluble in the solvent
- the substance that travels the shortest distance is least soluble in the solvent
- any substance that remains at the starting line is insoluble
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