A rational process that avoids preconceptions, gathers evidence, and evaluates alternatives to reach conclusions (Smith, 2002)

Media conveys research findings to the public but may lack proper understanding, leading to misrepresentation.

Examples of headlines showing potential inaccuracies in media portrayal (e.g., stress and cannabis use, the effects of makeup on self-esteem).

Common in adolescents and young adults; associated with mental health issues (depression, anxiety, trauma).

NSSI is often depicted in YouTube videos, with graphic images showing cutting and burning.

Videos were favourably viewed but often lacked warnings

The majority were melancholic or educational rather than promoting NSSI

Concerns about potential triggering effects for those vulnerable to NSSI.

Only examined 100 videos, not the actual long-term impact

Need for more resources and a cautious approach rather than banning such content

High rates of sexual violence against women, especially in university settings

Linked to mental health issues and academic difficulties.

46% reduction in completed rapes and 63% reduction in attempted rapes after one year.

Conducted only at three universities in Canada, and challenges in scaling the program to other settings

The program was successful but raised concerns about placing responsibility on victims rather than perpetrators

Media simplifies research findings and can mislead the audience due to its need for sensationalism or simplification.

Critical thinking is necessary to analyze media reports and assess their accuracy against original research

Developing critical thinking skills is essential throughout one's academic career, especially in assignments like research papers

Critical thinkers evaluate evidence, avoid biases, and draw conclusions from well-examined data.