Abstract

Results

Introduction

Background

Methods

Approach

Background

Unknown Problem

Questions & Hypothesis

Methods

Subjects

Design

Materials

Procedures

Results

Paragraphs

Figures

Tables

Discussion

1st Paragraph

Middle Paragraphs

Final Concluding Paragraph

Literature Cited

Format for end Citations

Format for in-text citations

Aves Vs Mammals Concept Map Research Paper

The mass of birds and mammals differ greatly which could in turn result in varied results in BMR to determine how that affects their life span. The BMR is an important structure in determining the metabolic rate of a species. The Hypothesis in question is If there is a high BMR then the body mass correlates to a longer lifespan.

Data was gathered on Birds and Mammals. Theoretical experiment performed.

Results show that in mammals the lower the body mass the higher the body mass in Birds the lower the BMR. There is also a low mass Specific BMR and high body mass in Mammals. similar correlations just different results.

There is an idea that smaller animals expand more energy than larger animals. Mammals are much bigger in size then birds.


Athletics in animals is important to take into consideration when comparing two different species BMR.
Most Birds are diurnal, while mammals have a wide range of activity

Does "Mitochondria generate free radical as a function of metabolism" (Speakman 2020). The MLB Hypothesis is also inconsistent. Along with Metabolisms scale with body mass. These studies could help to find a relation between body mass and BMR In two species and rather that equates to lifespan

Is there a correlation between body mass and BMR?
Are larger animals' privy to a longer lifespan or smaller animals?


Does lower or higher body mass increase or decrease BMR in birds and mammals.


Hypothesis: If there is a high BMR then the body mass will also be higher which correlates to a longer lifespan.
Rational: Animals with a High BMR cannot expand as much energy

Test Hypothesis using Quaardvark

To observe the results of body mass and BMR in birds and mammals and make comparison.
Birds had lower BMR and high body mass.
Mammals had low BMR and high body mass.

Quaardvark, Excel, theoretical experiment, Independent: BMR, and Body mass
Dependent: Lifespan
Control: Humans BMR

Birds and Mammals

click to edit

Graphed the varied mass and BMR of both birds and mammals.
Temperature control in smaller animals

image
image

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Association between energy metabolism and lifespan
Energy of individual mice
RMR scales with body mass
Endothermic animals must produce enough body hear

Humans BMR comparison to animals. Factors that affect Human BMR are genetics, height, and weight
Humans with higher body mass lifespan rate.
Lower body mass in animals = higher BMR
Higher Body mass= lower BMR.

Animals with lower body mass have more room to expand
Accept Hypothesis
Positive relationship between energy expenditure (Speakman 2020)
30.2% greater daily energy in mice.

Glazier Douglas, Effect of metabolic level on the body size scaling of metabolic rate in birds and mammals, Proceeding of the royal B society.Vol. 275, No. 1641.1405-1410.


Speakman John R, Body Size energy metabolism and lifespan. Journal of experimental biology.1717-1730.


Speakman 2005) (Glazier 2008)

Hughes, V. A., Abad, L., Wood, M., et al. (1998). Does resting metabolic

rate (RMR) adjusted for fat free mass (FFM) decline with age? Effect of

body composition method and gender. FASEB J. 12, 1183.