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Chp 4: Conjectures and Uncertainty - Coggle Diagram
Chp 4: Conjectures and Uncertainty
Conjecture
Needs to make sense
Testable
Evidence
Observations, Experiments, Analysis etc
Falsifiable
A good conjecture leads to:
Hypothesis
Predictor/explanatory/independent variable
Outcome/response/dependent variabe
Variables
Qualitative
Nominal/categorical
Male/Female, Locations, 0/1
Ordinal
Likert scale, Countries rankings
Quantitative
Interval
Differences between measurements- no true zero. Temperature
Ratio
True zero: height, weight, speed
Quantitative
Discrete
Whole number: number of cousins
Continuous
Any value: weight in pounds
Studies
Cross-sectional
At a particular time
Faster but not conclusive
Longitudinal
Long term studeis
Expensive and difficult
Cherry pciked or self selected sample
Be careful
Randomization
To deal with extraneous variables
Confounding variables
Lurking variables
Experiments
Experimental group
Control group
Uncertainty
Randomness at work