Unit 1 Review

Types of Bonds

Cohesion vs. Adhesion

8 characteristics of life

Variables of an Experiment

Polar vs. Non-Polar

What Makes An Element / Atom

Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic

Observation, Inference, Hypothesis

CHNOPS

Carbon is Important

Solvent vs. Solute

Hydrophilic materials are 'water-loving' and have a tendency to be wetted by water.

Hydrophobic materials are 'water-fearing', and do not mix with water

Most common elements of life

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

Made of Cells

Reproduction

Based on a Universal Genetic Code

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Growth and Development

Need for materials and energy

Response to the Environment

Maintaining Internal Balance

Evolution

An observation is data collected by using our senses.

An inference is a reason proposed to explain an observation.

A hypothesis is a chosen inference that the scientist will attempt to confirm or disprove through testing.

Independent Variable

A variable that is changed

Dependent Variable

A variable that is tested for change

Control Variable

Variables that aren’t altered during the experiment

Control

Unchanged component to refer back to when comparing data

It Contains

Neutrons

Protons

Electrons

1 = Hydrogen, 2 = Helium, 3 = Lithium, 4 = Beryllium, 5 = Boron, 6 = Carbon.

An element is defined by the number of protons in the nucleus

A chemical bond formed when electrons are shared between two atoms.

Covalent

An ionic bond can be formed after two or more atoms loss or gain electrons to form an ion.

Ionic

An attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds.

Hydrogen

It’s the 4th most abundant element

Found in nearly every molecule in a living organism

The main ingredient in organic molecules

Has 4 electrons in its outer shell and can form four bonds

Forms covalent bonds

Polar means there is unequal sharing of electrons


Nonpolar means equal sharing.

Cohesion is the attraction between the molecules or atoms of the same substance.


Adhesion is the attraction between the molecules of two different substances

A solvent is a substance in which a solute is dissolved.

A solute is a substance that can be dissolved into a solution by a solvent.