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Nervous and Endocrine System (Bio 30) - Coggle Diagram
Nervous and Endocrine System (Bio 30)
CNS
Brain
Cerebrum
Right Hemisphere: Deals with specialized tasks. For sensory input, deals with info from left side of body.
Left Hemisphere: Deals writing writing and speech. For sensory input, deals with info from left side of body.
Frontal Lobe: Responsible for fine motor skills. Also responsible for critical thinking, memory, social skills, reasoning and personality.
Motor Cortex: Part of the frontal lobe in charge of voltantary motor skills.
Parietal Lobe: Deals with sensory primarily from the skin. It processes touch, temp and pain. Also helps process body's orientation/position.
Somatosensory Cortex: Part of parietal lobe and main cortex in charge of skin sensory. (touch, temp, pain.)
Occipital Lobe: Responsible for processing visual information.
Temporal Lobe: Responsible primarly for auditory info processing. Also supports some auditory and visual memory aswell as some visual info processing.
Cerebellum: Responsible for controlling most voluntary movements. This includes motor skills such as muscle coordination, balance and posture.
Brain Stem:
Corpus Callosum: A series of nerve fibers that connect both brain hemispheres.
Thalamus: Connects different parts of the brain. Main relaying station for the sense's. Also produces tropic hormones.
Hypothalamus: Regulates autonomic functions (heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, ect). Also control's drives such as hunger, thirst, anger, sexual desire, ect.
Pons: Responsible for processing sensory info involving pain.
Pituitary Gland: Produces and releases important hormones.
Medulla Oblongata: Connects the brain with the spinal cord. Responsible for subcounscious functilns such as heart rae, coughing, breathing, swollowing, vomiting.
Spinal Cord:
Peripheral Nervous System:
Structures of the Nervous System (Quiz 1):
Somatic System:
Autonomic System:
Parasympathetic nervous system:
Sympathetic nervous system:
Processes of the Nervous System(Quiz 2):
Electrochemical Impulses:
Membrane States:
Resting Membrane Potential:
Threshold Potential:
Action Potential:
Proteins:
Potassium Channel:
Sodium Potassium Pump:
Sodium Channel:
Membrane Processes:
Depolarization:
Repolarization:
Hyperpolarization: Is esentially an overshot repolarization. Its when the charge goes lower than the resting membrane potential.
Refractory Period: When the neuron cell attempts to return to the resting membrane potential after reaching an action potential. Includes Absolute refractory where an action potential cannot be created and a relative refractory period where a second action potential can be created only when incoming stimuli are suprathreshold.
Impulse Conduction:
Other:
Chemical Synapse:
Parts of Synapse:
Types of Neurotransmitters:
Acetylcholine(Ach): The most commonly used neurotransmitter for connection between motor neuron and neuromsucular junction/
Acetylcholinesterase: Breaks down Acetylcholine and brings it back into the presynaptic neuron using the presynaptic vesicle.
Norepinephrine:
Sensory Reception:
Mechano and Chemo reception:
The Ear:
Middle Ear:
Oval Window
Round Window:
Ossicle Bones:
Incus:
Stapes:
Malleus:
Eustachian Tube:
Ossicles Muscles:
Inner Ear:
Semi Circular Canals:
Vestibule: Includes Utricle and Saccule (which basically have the same function).
Utricle and Saccule: Chambers found at base of the Semicircular canals. They function is to maintain a gravitational equilibrium (head position - head position relative to gravity)
Ampulla:
Canals containing mechano-receptors at base of the semi-circular canals used for body orientation and balance.
Choclea:
Organ of Corti:
Hair Cells:
Basillar Membrane
Tectorial Membrane:
Auditory nerve:
Outer Ear:
Auditory Canal:
Pinna:
Photoreception:
The Eye Structures:
Photo reception Cells:
Optics of Vision:
Endocrine System:
Human Endocrine Glands:
Pancrease: Produces Insuline and Glucagon:
Adrenal Gland(s):
Adrenal Medulla: Stimulated by the nervous system. Produces Epinephrine and nor epinephrine (basically have the same function). Used for short term stress response.
Adrenal Cortex: Stimulated by ACTH produced by anterior pituitary. In charge of sodium regulation along with longer term stress response. Produces Cortisol and Aldosterone:
Thyroid Gland: Stimulated by the TSH produced in the anterior pituitary. The thyroid gland produces Thyroxine and Calcitonin.
Parathyroid Gland: Found behind the thyroid and produces Parathormone (PTH). Part of Calcium regulation.
Pituitary Gland:
Posterior Pituitary: Stores and releases hormones that come from the hypothalamus such as ADH. It doesn't produce any hormones.
Anterior Pituitary: Produces ACTH, GH, TSH. These all stimulate other gland which produce hormones that create a response.
Pineal Gland: Produces Melatonin. part of the body's awake/asleep clock.
Hypothalamus: Is mostly responsible for producing tropic hormones: This includes ACTH-RH, GH-RH, TSH-RH. These are sent to the anterior pituitary and stimulate the release with the corresponding hormone. The hypothalamus also produces hormones such as ADH. This is sent to the posterior pituitary where it is stored.
Human Endocrine Hormones:
ADH: Anti-directic hormone increases the reabsorbtion of water in the kidneys.
Thyroxine: Essentially another growth hormone. Primarly targets the skeletal muscles, nervous system and reproductive organs.
TSH: Stimulates the thyroid gland and results in the production of thyroxine and calcitonin.
Calcitonin: Increases the concentration of calcium in bones. When calcium concentration is high in the blood, more calcium uptake occurs by the bones.
GH: Influences the body growthand targets almost all body tissue's.
Cortisol: Part of a longer term stress response. Increases blood glucose concentration. Targets muscles and other organs.
ACTH: Stimulates the Adrenal Cortex resulting in the production of Cortisol and Aldosterone.
Aldosterone: Increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys.
Melatonin: Influences the Circadian Rhythm. Its production changes throughout the day increasing in the dark and decreaseing in the light. Helps make the body feel tired.
Epinephrine/nor-epinephrine: Part of short term stress response. Just like cortisol, they increase the blood glucose. Also increase concentration of fatty acids and oxygen.
Insulin: Causes the permeability of glucose in cells. When blood glucose is high, more Insulin is produced and cells take in more glucose. The cells then take the glucose and turn it into glycogen. (Note that the decreasing glucose levels in blood acts as a negative feedback loop.
Glucagon: Antagonistic to insulin. Increases the breakdown of glycogen in the liver resulting in the increase of blood glucose concentration. Increase glucose levels acts as negative feedback loop.
Parathormone: Antagonistic to calcitonin. When calcium concentration is low in blood, takes calcium from bones to the blood stream.
Main Regulatory Systems(Based on notebook):
Growth Hormone:
Phineal Gland, Melatonin and Bio Clock:
Thyroid Gland:
Regulation of Calcium:
Regulation of water/electrolyte balance:
Glucose Regulation:
Hormone Classification/Other:
Steroid Hormone:
Protein Hormone:
Multiple Effects Hormones:
Antagonistic Hormones:
Tropic Hormones: