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Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Public Health - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Public Health
how can we describe a health probelm?
course of disease
measurements known as "rates"
burden of disease
death = mortality
disability = morbidity
the occurrence of disability and death due to disease
distribution of disease
.
Case Definition
At-Risk Population
Incidence
Prevalence
Etiology
Case-Fatality
Proportion
True Rate
understanding the distribution of disease
associations in the frequency of disease
group/ecological
Healthography
the role of location in health
epidemiologists
study person and place (demographic and geographic)
risk indicators/markers
helps generate ideas/hypotheses about the cause of disease
time
epidemiological investigation
age adjustment
using a standard population
changes in men and women
improved technology
3 basic reasons
ability
definition
interest
investigate explanations for differences or changes in the distribution of disease
artifactual causes
implication of a group assocation
population comparisons/ecological studies
individual association
group association
hypothesis
misleading associations
confounding variables
what if we cannot establish all 3 requirements for contributory cause?
supportive/ancillary criteria
.
Scientific Judgments
Strength of the Relationship
Relative Risk
Dose-Response Relationship
Consistency of the Relationship
Biological Plausibility
Absolute Risk
Odds Ratio
Protective Factors
Etiology: how do we establish contributory cause?
risk factors
supportive criteria
efficacy - intervention works
contributory cause
cohort studies
randomized controlled trials
case-control studies
3 requirements
cause/effect associated with time
cause/effect associated with the individual
altering cause/effect
recommendations: what works to reduce health impact?
recommendations use evidence and suggest interventions
score (quality of evidence & magnitude of impact)
B: Should
C: May
A: Strong recommendation
surrogate endpoints
evidence-based recommendations
contributory cause: implications
sufficient cause
presence does not guarantee disease development
cause/effect relationships
necessary cause
implementation: how do we get the job done?
strong recommendations
may not be practical or ethical
establishing causation and intervention
interventions
primary interventions
secondary interventions
tertiary interventions
motivation & obligation
when-who-how
motivation can lead to victim-blaming
evaluations: how do we evaluate the results?
effectiveness
P.E.R.I.E Framework
RE-AIM Framework
adoption
effectiveness
implementation
maintenance
reach
social interventions
population prediction models