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Evidence-based Public Health - Coggle Diagram
Evidence-based Public Health
Problem
burden of disease: the occurrence of disability and death due to a disease
morbidity: disability
mortality: death
course of disease: how often the disease occurs and what happens once it occurs
distribution of disease: who gets the disease? where are they located? when does the disease occur?
case definition: criteria used to measure the occurrence of the disease
at-risk population: only measuring the population for which a disease can account for
proportion: percentage of individuals who have the disease at a point in time
Evaluation
effectiveness: how well an intervention works in public health or clinical practice , in contrast when we address how well an intervention works under research conditions
RE-AIM: reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance is a new framework being used, RE factors are evaluating the potential of the intervention and AIM factors examine the acceptance of the intervention in clinical or public health practice in the short and long term
Implementation
there are a large number of interventions with adequate data to consider intervention
primary: takes place before disease is onset
secondary: has disease but before symptoms arise
tertiary: has disease and symptoms but is not irreversible yet
implementing these interventions comes down to education, incentives, and requirement
Recommendations
evidence recommendations ask about the research evidence supporting the benefits and harms of potential interventions
in evidence based recommendations the opinion of the experts are most important when research evidence does not or cannot provide answers
two types of criteria: quality of the evidence and the magnitude of the impact
the quality is scored based on the types of investigations and how well they were conducted
magnitude is measured in "net benefits"
Etiology
understanding the reasons for disease is fundamental to the prevention of disability and death
contributory cause: the evidence-based public health approach relies on epidemiological research studies to establish a contributory cause, go beyond group association and establish 1: the cause is associated with the effect 2: the cause precedes the effect 3: altering the cause alters the effect
3 types of investigations to determine cause: case-control studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials
lastly you need supportive criteria: consistency, strength, dose response, and biological plausibility
Gamache
Surveillance
social medie: ex: twitter feeds
electronic health files
geographic information systems
TIGER
population health informatics
population health management, disease management, risk stratification
care coordination
public health informatics
public health essential services ex; biosurveillance
monitoring populations, community needs assessment, syndromic surveillance
social services informatics
essential social services: nutrition assistant program, welfare services
coordinating interventions, social determinants of health, geo-social analysis