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Epidemiology - Coggle Diagram
Epidemiology
stroke is 2/3rd on the mortality list
projected to remain constant
stroke is the leading cause of disability
risk factors
atrial fibrillation
dyslipidemia
diabetes mellitus
hypertension
heart disease
smoking
cardioembolic stroke accounts for 1/3 of strokes in young adults
more difficult to diagnose
different causes
nature and etiology of stroke in young adults varies from that in older patients
influence on diagnostic evaluation and treatment
treatment plans for older patients may not be affective for younger patients
young patient is typically defined as those younger than 45-49 years old
terms used when referring to stroke in young patients may include stroke and young adults, ischemic stroke and young adults, hemorrhagic stroke and young adults, epidemiology and young stroke, and prevention and young stroke
Etiology
etiology of ischemic stroke in young adults and adolescents varies
stroke due to undetermined etiology was most common amongst young patients
atherosclerosis ranks first in regard to all etiologies
cervicocephalic arterial dissection is the second most common lesion
migraines and ischemic stroke are linked
pronounced among young women
multiplied among smokers and those who use oral contraception
large-artery atherosclerosis accounts for less than 10% of stokes in young adults
systematic diagnostic approach and more diagnosing tools are becoming available
vascular imaging
genetic studies
hematologic studies
Prevention
prevention is the primary treatment strategy
aimed to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to stroke
Primary Prevention
aims to reduce stroke in asymptomatic subjects
focused on identifying and managing risk factors
arterial hypertension
disorders of lipid metabolism
diabetes mellitus
non-drug strategies
lifestyle changes
quitting smoking
limiting alcohol intake
reducing elevated body weight
increasing physical activity
healthier diet
Incidence/proportion
1008 consecutive ischemic stroke patients within the age range 15-49 years of age
estimated annual occurrence was 10.8 per 100,000
racial and ethnic differences are taken into account
young black adults and hispanics had a significantly higher hospitalization rate when compared to whites
population based study in Italy observed increased stroke incidence among women under 30