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Chapter 2 + Epidemiology and Prevention +Epidemiology and Mechanisms of…
Chapter 2 + Epidemiology and Prevention +Epidemiology and Mechanisms of the Increasing..
Burden of Disease
This is the understanding of which course to take when approaching the disease- when understanding health problems you need to understand this and the course of disease:
Burden of disease is addressing the problem
Course of disease is the morbidity and the mortality of the disease
The way to measure the disease and look at outcomes we have to use “rates” the two rates are incidence and prevalence rates.
Incidence is the measure in the chances of developing the disease.
Prevalence is the percentage of individuals who have the disease.
Epidemiology and Mechanisms of the Increasing Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancers in Young Adults
Talks about rise in colon and rectal cancer among young adults
There could be many reasons for this uprising such as gut microbe, delayed diagnosis's, genetics, and other contributing factors. Some contributing factors could be
Obesity
sedentary lifestyles
poor diets
sugary drinks
environmental exposures
Due to this uprising, medical professionals are making changes. changes such as chanig screening age from 50 to 45 and uprise in research surrounding why this has become an issue.
Strokes in young adults: epidemiology
and prevention
There is an increasing occurrence of ischemic strokes in individuals under 50. With this uprising, there are many risk factors that have go hand in hand with these strokes. With this, medical professionals are trying to figure out other reasons for this such as the other contributing factors, and some prevention strategies.
Contributing factors: Genetic predispositions, certain infections, oral contraceptives, and autoimmune diseases
Prevention strategies: maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing blood pressure, quitting smoking, and avoiding alcohol and drug misuse.
Group associations
This is the observation of certain health outcomes that are more common to a specific group of people
This might include the elderly, children, young adults, and other factors such as gender, race, socioeconomic class, and more.
Disease Distribution is understanding of who is getting sick, where they are getting sick, and when they are getting sick. This also goes hand in hand with group association.
A contributory cause is a factor that plays into role in something that increases the chance of a disease but does not cause it by itself- works with other factors- there are three requirements that go beyond group association
“The cause precedes the effect in time” This is that the cause of the disease comes before the outcome such as someone who engages in certain traits will see the outcome quicker
“The cause is associated with the effect” This means that it occurs more frequently within the same person which means someone of one action is more likely to develop the disease than another
“Altering the cause alters the effect” This is saying that one who try to prevent these diseases are less likley to get said disease.
Disease distribution
contributory cause