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DRUG ABSORPTION - Coggle Diagram

- - - - the process of drug movement across a cell membrane
        
        carrier mediated
        
        active transport
        
        facilialted diffusion
        
        transcytosis
        
        the process by whicich carious macromolecules are transported across the interior of the cell
        
        vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane to release the encapsulated material to another side of the cell
        
        passive diffusion
        
        efflux transport
        
        transport susceptible (mostly hydrophobic molecules) out of the cell
    - - involves transport that occurs in between cells
      - total surface area of paracellular spaces is extremely low, the overall contribution of paracellular diffusion in the drug absorption process is limited
  - - - the cell membranes consists of globular proteins embedded in a dynamic fluid, lipid bilayer matrix
      - these proteins provide a pathway for the selective transfer of certain polar molecuels and charged ions through the lipid barrier
- - - - to expose the mucosal surface to the dissolution media and the serosal surface to media inside the perfusion apparatus
        
        the basolateral side is exposed to the pH 7.4 media
        
        the apical side is exposed to the dissolution media (SIF)
    - - contains all types of cells and mucus layer
      - relatively fast and inexpensive
      - can be used for preformulation studies
    - - tissue viability
        
        2 hrs
      - muscularis mucosa and fat
        
        not removed
- - - - these villi contain even smaller projections known as microvilli, forming a brush border
- - - - glycoproteins (i.e. mucins) are composed of a hydrophobic peptide bone backbone linked to multiple hydrophilic oligosaccharide chains, forming a bottle brush conformation
    - - for instance, lipophilic drugs proved to have particular affinity to the non-glycosylated regions of mucins, thus their diffusion through the mucus layer would be slowed down more than hydrophilic ones