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The Enlightenment - Coggle Diagram
The Enlightenment
the enlightenment in Spain
Enlightenment authors like
monk Jerónimo Feijoo
the Church imposed censorship
some advances made in the scientific revolution
Copernicus’s heliocentric theory
The Crown sponsored scientific expeditions
to gather geographical and botanical data.
The main Enlightenment thinkers
Floridablanca
Jovellanos
Campomanes
new educational institutions
Sociedades Económicas de Amigos del País
the aim
to stimulate study and experimentation to improve agriculture and artisan industries
The culture of optimism
characteristics
society was illiterate
optimistic intellectual movement
progress
happyness
reason
evolution
scientific and technical innovations
critique of political and social system
importance on education and pedagogy
philosophers
Montesquieu (1689–1755)
criticised absolute monarchies
proposed a moderate monarchy
with separation of the executive, legislative and judicial powers
Voltaire (1694–1778)
criticised religious fanaticism and the structure of the Church
fought for civil rights and judicial reform
Rousseau (1712–1778)
he supported democracy
John Locke (1632–1704)
He was the first to defend the existence of three individual rights
liberty
property
life
the spread of the enlightenment ideas
the encyclopedie
the most important book of the Age of Enlightenment
They were spread by word of mouth in gatherings
Scientists and intellectuals gathered in academie
women in the enlightenment
ÉMILIE DU CHÂTELET
helped disseminate the theories of Newton by translating his works into French
mathematician, physicist and writer
MARÍA GAETANA AGNESI
published a number of books on calculus that were used in teaching for a long time
teacher, linguist and mathematician
MARIE-THÉRÈSE RODET
became famous for starting her own salon
Her guests included, Diderot, Benjamin Franklin, Montesquieu, Voltaire,...
attended the literary salons of Paris
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT
wrote tales and short stories and an important treatise on women’s rights
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
first women to become known as a feminist
The scientific revolution and technological advances
The anthropocentric revolution and technologycal advances
humanism
develop anthropocentric worldview
invention of the movable-type printing press
ideas to spread quickly
The scientific revolution
empiricism
don't accept empirical reasoning
validated through
observation
experimentation
rationalism
truths and reasons
PARLIAMENTARIANISM AND ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
ABSOLUTISM AND PARLIAMENTARIANISM
parliamentarianism
developed institutional and legal systems that controlled the monarch’s power
through the action of the courts and parliaments
PARLIAMENTARY REPUBLICAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS
remained in place in some parts of Europe
They were governed by members of the nobility and wealthy middle class
These republics were common in the Holy Empire and on the Italian Peninsula
achieved high levels of economic and cultural development, and their inhabitants enjoyed certain individual freedoms
ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
Academies were in charge of carrying out studies and projects that were in the interests of despotic governments
The sciences and arts were therefore promoted in the courts of Europe’s monarchs.
monarch who represent despotism
Louis XV of France, Frederick II of Prussia, Catherine II of Russia, Christian VII of Denmark, Gustav III of Sweden and Joseph II of Austria.
Monarchs thought that the Enlightenment ideas of universal progress and happiness would help them govern more efficiently and legitimise their power
variant of absolutism that incorporated ‘trickledown’ reforms inspired by the Enlightenment.
the agricultural revolution of the 18th century
acricultural innovations
The fallow method
some of the land was left uncultivated to allow the soil to regenerate, was eliminated
Continuous crop rotation
introducing crops that replenished the soil even though the field was not left fallow and that could be used as food for livestock
Many products from the Americas were grown
such as tomatoes, potatoes and corn, and the shoeing of draft horses was improved.