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UTILITARIANISM - Coggle Diagram
UTILITARIANISM
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JOHN STUART MILL
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He believed that some moral pleasures, like intellectual and moral pleasures, are of higher quality than mere physical pleasures.
Mill's development of utilitarianism focused on promoting actions that lead to the greatest overall happiness by considering the higher pleasures that enrich our lives beyond simple, fleeting pleasures.
Mill built upon Bentham's utilitarianism by highlighting the importance of quality over quantity in pleasure. He argued that not all pleasures are equal, with some, like intellectual and moral pleasures, being more valuable than others,
Mill's development of utilitarianism centred on promoting actions that generate the most happiness by considering the higher, more enriching pleasures, rather than just focusing on immediate, lower pleasures.
John Stuart Mill was a thinker who expanded on the idea of utilitarianism, which is about making decisions to create the most happiness and least suffering for the most people.
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WEAK RULE UTILITARIANISM
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If a specific situation would have a better outcome by breaking the rule, it's okay to do that.
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Weak rule utilitarianism says to mostly follow good rules but be flexible when a specific case calls for it.
WHAT IS IT?
Classical utilitarianism by Jeremy Bentham is a moral theory that focuses on maximising happiness and minimising suffering.
It suggests that the best action is the one that brings the most happiness to the greatest number of people. ‘’The greatest good for the greatest number.’’
So, according to the idea, decisions should be made based on what will create the most overall happiness in a situation.
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HEDONIC CALCULUS
The hedonic calculus is a way to measure pleasure and pain to decide what actions are right or wrong based on the amount of happiness or suffering they cause.
It helps in calculating the overall happiness or unhappiness that an action may bring, guiding decisions towards maximising joy and minimising pain.
There are 7 criteria's: Intensity, duration, certainty, remoteness, richness, purity, and extent.
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THE ULTIMATE AIM
Bentham's ultimate aim for utilitarianism is to maximise happiness and minimise suffering for the greatest number of people.
It is all about making choices that bring the most joy and least pain to create the most overall happiness in society.
ACT UTILITARIANISM
Act utilitarianism focuses on determining the rightness or wrongness of individual actions based on whether they maximise overall happiness or pleasure and minimise suffering or pain for the greatest number or people.
It is about making decisions that lead to the most happiness and least suffering in a specific situation.
RULE UTILITARIANISM
Rule utilitarianism looks at whether a rule leads to the most happiness overall when followed consistently.
It focuses on following rules that, if everyone followed them, would create the greatest happiness for society as a whole.