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A Literature Review of Zika Virus, Plourde AR, Bloch EM. 2016. A…
A Literature Review of Zika Virus
Abstract
Transmitted by mosquitos
Global issue: Africa to South America to North America
No Vaccine
Main Analysis
Search Methodology
Searched scientific databases
Virology and Pathogenesis
ssRNA Flavivirus
African and Asian strains
Initial proliferation in skin cells
Transmission
Primarily through mosquito bites (Aedes spp.)
Secondarily through sexual or mother-child transmission
Presentation
Most cases are asymptomatic
Exposed infants at high risk of microcephaly
Severe cases in adults lead to Guillain-Barre syndrome
Laboratory Findings
There are no reliable laboratory tests that can distinguish Zika from differential diagnoses
Diagnosis
RT-PCR is best method, but antibodies may not be present for up to five days after exposure
Management and Prevention
Supportive care
Prevention through mosquito protection and avoidance is best practice
Discussion
Zika is spreading rapidly
There is very little medical providers can do after infection
Pathogenesis is poorly understood
Better diagnostic methods are needed
Plourde AR, Bloch EM. 2016. A literature review of Zika virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 22(7):1185-1192.