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Positional Plagiocephaly - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Plagiocephaly is typically diagnosed through clinical observation and physical examinations. Radiographic imaging, such as X-rays, ultrasounds, MRIs, and CT scans, can be used to determine the presence of craniosynostosis, a more severe condition. 3D reconstructions of the skull can also aid in detecting craniosynostosis. A diagonal caliper is a simple and cost-effective tool for measuring the asymmetry of the head. However, there may be errors in measurements due to factors like scalp thickness and hair, which can affect the accuracy of assessing severity. Studies have shown that imaging data can help reduce these errors.
    - - Plagiocephaly is treated differently depending on whether it is accompanied by craniosynostosis. Craniosynostosis, a more severe condition, often requires surgical intervention. Positional plagiocephaly, without craniosynostosis, is typically treated conservatively. Conservative treatments for positional plagiocephaly include changing the baby's position frequently, physical therapy, massage therapy, and helmet therapy. Early intervention is key for successful outcomes due to the infant's skull's plasticity.
        
        Helmet Therapy
        
        External braces, such as helmet orthosis, cranial orthosis, and orthotic headbands, are effective in correcting the asymmetrical shape of the head in patients with positional plagiocephaly. These custom-made helmets are designed to apply pressure to the protruding part of the head while allowing for growth in the flattened area, promoting a more symmetrical shape.
        
        Limitations of Helmet Therapy
        
        While helmet therapy is generally safe and effective, potential complications include inadequate correction due to poor fit, skin damage, scalp damage, temporary hair loss, and allergic reactions. These complications can often be prevented with parental attention and regular follow-up. However, helmet therapy can be expensive, and insurance coverage may be limited. Long-term follow-up studies on the cosmetic and psychological outcomes of helmet therapy are needed.
  - - - Positional plagiocephaly is often caused by a combination of factors. These factors include first births, assisted labor, multiple pregnancies, birth injuries, congenital malformations, prematurity, and being male. Additionally, muscular conditions like congenital muscular torticollis can contribute to this condition. Prolonged prone positioning can also exacerbate the issue.