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Mind Map #4 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Multigene panel tests did not identify a gremline mutation in approximately 80% of individuals with early onset CRC :silhouette:
- - - - Primary prevention aims to reduce the risk of stroke in asymptomatic subjects. It is focused on identifying and managing known vascular risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, disorders of lipid metabolism, and diabetes mellitus, and non-drug strategies and lifestyle changes, including quitting smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, reducing elevated body weight, increasing regular aerobic physical activity, and adopting a healthy diet with more fruit and vegetables and less salt :kiwifruit:
      - Hypertension is the risk factor that most significantly correlates with stroke and plays a role in more than 50% of episodes of stroke worldwide. High blood pressure can lead to occlusive stroke, as well as intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage, and correlates with the risk of first-ever stroke and current smoke :tada:
      - Two meta-analyses show that a diet high in fruits and vegetables, with reduced salt, lowers stroke risk. Additionally, a meta-analysis of 23 studies found that moderate to high levels of physical activity significantly reduce the risk of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke. Exercise likely decreases stroke risk through multiple factors, including blood pressure, lipid levels, and weight control :basketball:
    - - For secondary stroke prevention, identifying the cause of the initial stroke and any additional risk factors is crucial. This includes optimal management of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiac disease. Treatment typically involves antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, and, if necessary, surgical or endovascular procedures :!!:
      - The quality of secondary prevention, comparing usual care with a stepwise support program (involving outpatient appointments, education, and behavioral strategies), shows that usual care often results in poor control of risk factors. In contrast, a structured support program significantly improves secondary stroke prevention outcomes :nail_care:
- - - - Hypertension, heart disease (including atrial fibrillation), and diabetes mellitus are the most common risk factors among the elderly :older_man::skin-tone-2:
      - Classical vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cigarette smoking, are also frequently found in young stroke patients :smoking:
      - Etiology :explode:
        
        The causes of ischemic stroke in young adults and adolescents are diverse and can differ based on age and geographic region :silhouettes:
        
        Cervicocephalic arterial dissection is the second most common lesion of the cervical arteries after atherosclerosis and ranks first or second among all causes of ischemic stroke in young adults :green_cross:
        
        Cardioembolic stroke accounts for up to one-third of ischemic strokes in young adults. However, diagnosing it can be challenging because the causes of cardiogenic embolism can vary :warning: