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key subject terms, Mass movment, Coastal weathering - Coggle Diagram
key subject terms
relationships between ideas and concepts
Associated landforms
Key points about each feature:
Joints:
Small cracks in the rock that occur without any significant movement along the fracture.
Can be caused by stress during cooling or by pressure release when overlying rock layers are eroded.
Act as weaknesses in the rock, making it more susceptible to weathering and erosion, especially when concentrated in patterns.
Faults:
Major fractures in the rock where significant movement has occurred along the fault plane, causing displacement of the rock on either side.
Can be caused by tectonic forces like compression, tension, or shear.
Often create prominent linear features on coastlines, such as cliffs with steep drops or fault scarps.
Folds:
Bends in rock layers caused by compressive forces, resulting in upwarps (anticlines) and downwarps (synclines).
Can create alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock layers, leading to varied cliff profiles along the coast.
How these features impact coastlines:
Concordant Coastlines:
When rock layers with different resistance to erosion are folded parallel to the coastline, creating a relatively straight coastline with similar features.
Discordant Coastlines:
When rock layers with different resistance are perpendicular to the coastline, leading to alternating bays and headlands due to differential erosion.
Example landforms:
Caves:
Formed where waves erode along joints and faults in a cliff face
Arches:
Developed when caves on either side of a headland connect, leaving a natural arch
Stacks:
Isolated rock formations left behind when a section of a cliff erodes due to weaknesses like joints
Cliffs with steep drops:
Often associated with fault lines where one side of the fault is more resistant to erosion than the other
Mass movment
Coastal weathering