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Theory - Coggle Diagram
Theory
Piaget
child's interactions with environment is what creates learning
believed that children all pass through the same stages when developing their thinking skills
children learn only when their curiosity is not fully satistfied
provide large blocks of free play time
provide real world experiences
4 stages of cognitive development :
sensori- motor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage
if we understand why people behave the way they do, we become more compassionate
lifelong learning
children form ideas from direct experiences in life
open ended activities support children's cognitive development
Dewey
teachers must be sensitive to values and needs of families
believed that children learn from doing
education should involve real life experiences
invest in observation, planning, organization, and documentation
plan purposeful curriculum
interaction is essential for the learning process
education is an experience that is subject to constant change
make sense of the world for children
learning is interdisciplinary
children are the future of society and human progress
Erikson
believed that babies will develop the strongest sense of security if they know that adults will come running when they cry
toddlers should have opportunities for choice and control
set clear limits with children
encourage independence
focus on gains and not mistakes
8 stages of development: trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt, Initiative vs guilt, Industry vs Inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, ego integrity vs dispair
each stage is a challenge for each individual
if we cannot pass through one stage, we cannot get to the next stage
when babies develop a strong sense of trust In their fist year, they become attached to Important people In their life
give children simple choices. eliminate falso choices
Vygotsky
the zone of proximal development (the distance between the most difficult task a child can do alone and the most difficult task a child can do with help)
Believed that learning takes place during play
social and cognitive development build on each other
pair up children who can learn from each other
teachers should plan curriculum that extends children's knowledge
Encourage student conversations
provide opportunities for children to work together
take the time to learn about each child
observe children closely and plan accordingly
believed that children developed independently
Montessori
hands-on approach
believed in focusing
on each child rather
than all children together
classroom environment allows for freedom of thought
believed that you should create a peaceful learning environment
believed that you should educate the whole child
large blocks of open-ended time scheduled
"teach little and observe much"
create a child-centered environment
keep materials and equipment accessible to children
allow children to take responsibility