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Module 3: biological diversity - Coggle Diagram
Module 3: biological diversity
IQ1 How do environmental pressures promote a change in species diversity and abundance?
selection pressure
abiotic
non living
temperature
light intensity
pressure
salt concentration
water availability
soil pH
rainfall
biotic
living
predation
competition
disease causing agents
trees
Cane Toads
introduced species
selection pressures drive natural selection affecting abundance
no natural predators
acts on the red belly black snakes head/jaw have gotten smaller due to the inability to consume the frogs
northen quoll
developed toad aversion mechanism to avoid the consumption of the toads- they didn't die, they didn't like the taste of the cane toad
physiological
introduces species
used as biological control for cane Bettles
ecosystems
types
aquatic
woodlands
dorest
wetlands
rivers
lakes
combination of all organisms, biotic and abiotic, living in a community and how they interact
IQ2: How do adaptations increase the organism’s ability to survive?
adaptations
behavioural
plants
The venus flytrap has adapted to live in nitrogen-poor soils which it obtains via insects
animal
Puffer fish pumping air into their stomachs and blow up twice their size to frighten predators
physiological
plant
Salt tolerant plants are able to maintain metabolic functioning through their cells accumulate sodium and chloride ions
animal
Penguins, seals and polar bears convert a lot of their diet to a fat layer to insulate them from the cold
structural
plant
Eucalypts → Waxy leaves to minimise transpiration of water and exposure to sunlight
animals
thorny devil
○
■ Has spikes on its body to make it look more ferocious as well as being harder to swallow by prey
■ Has scales that absorb water straight into its mouth
■ Gold and brown camouflages in dessert
Charles Darwin
Galapagos finches
beak size
beak shape
arborial: trees
or ground dwelling
Australia
water vole
from England
platypus
Natural selection
VASRP
IQ3 The Theory of Evolution by natural selection
VASRP
Accumilation of microevolution
macroevolution
Horses
teeth size
teeth shape
number of digits
size of organism increased
selection pressure of the environment drove evolution
went from forest to grasslands
Example of transitional fossils
takes place over millions of years
results in new species
microevolution
shorter periods and resulting in changed of a particular species
changes in a particular species, not creating a new species
Convergent vs divergent evolution
Convengerent
Distantly related species which have moved to similar environments and are exposed to similar selection pressures to evolve similarly
■ Similar habitats, similar variation would be favoured by natural selection to enable them to survive
Dolphins and sharks
homologous
same environment (selection pressure)
past common ancestor
Divergent
Ancestral species radiates into a number of descendant species with both similar and different traits
Darwins finches
recent common ancestor
adaptive radiation
IQ4: evidence of evolution
comparative anatomy
analogous
look similar
basic sturcture is different
eg wings of a bird + a grass hopper
homologous
same
divergent
share similar structure
share a common ancestor
pentadactyl limbs
comparative embryology
fossil evidence