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Epidemiology and Mechanisms - Coggle Diagram
Epidemiology and Mechanisms
colon and rectal cancers in young adults
increase has nearly doubled, calculated largely by age and family history, increasing rates can cause generational differences in diet exposures and lifestyle factors
Clinical features
hard to study CRC because young adults diagnosed have no obvious risk factors.
stroke in young adults
has a disproportionately large economic impact leaving victis disabled during their most productive years
Incidence and Proportion
heterogeneous in terms of methodology and ethnicity
racial and ethnic differences are widely recognized and are greater in younger populations
northern manhattan study showed that young black and hispanics have a greater incidence of stroke than young whites
risk factors
same for both young and older age groups but the prevalence of these risk factors is not the same in these two age groups
most common risk factors are diabetes, hypertension and heart disease
the number of risk factors add independent prognostic information regarding noncerebrovascular events and mortality in young adults
vascular risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia and cig smoking are common in young stroke patients
Etiology
varies according to age and geographic region. There have been many published series of stroke etiology in young patients
one study claimed that cocaine and amphetamine abuse was associated with an increased rate of hemorrhagic stroke. aneurysms in young adults show the same anatomic locations and clinical findings as in older patients
Prevention of strokes in young adults
strokes are the second and third leading cause of death worldwide and the global death rate is expected to rise
when stroke is present in young patients, there are usually major long-term socioeconomic consequences
prevention is the primary strategy for treatment aimed to reduce the morbidity and morality related to stroke and adequate treatment
Primary stroke prevention
aims to reduce risk of stroke in asymptomatic subjects focusing on identifying and managing known vascular risk factors
Secondary stroke prevention
3% or 4% of all patients who have a stroke will experience a second stroke