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Geographic Information System SIG - Coggle Diagram
Geographic Information System
Introduction
The geographic information revolution
the TIG
Geographic Information Technologies
allow
the processing
analysis
spatial information visualization
They are used in various fields
geography
urban planning
Environmental management
agriculture
Among the main technologies
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Remote sensing
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
GIS
Geographic information system
can be used
for scientific research
resource management
asset management
can solve
Location
Condition
Routes
Nature and components of geographic information
The three main elements
Location
Attributes
Time
Quality of geographic information
It refers to
the precision
Accuracy
Integrity
Consistency
Data models and structures
Data models and structures
Two of them are worth highlighting:
Fields
Discrete entities
Data structure
Three main GIS data structures
Entity classes
Points
lines
polygons
Attribute tables
Map symbols
Tags
Colors
Raster datasets
Are
Digital aerial photographs
satellite images
Digital images or even scanned maps
Four main categories
Rasters in the form of basemaps
Rasters in the form of surface maps
Rasters in the form of thematic maps
Rasters in the form of attributes of an entity
Raster and vector model
GIS as a real-world model
Raster data model
It is composed of
rows and columns of cells
they can be
images (raster images)
Advantages
They are suitable for data analysis
Facilitates comparison and identification of patterns
Disadvantages
They can require a lot of storage space.
The representation of features of small or irregular size
Vector data model
Three geometric elements are used
The point
The line
The polygon
Advantages
They are suitable for the analysis of discrete data.
They allow an accurate representation of the shape and size of objects
Disadvantages
They can require a lot of work to create and edit.
They are not suitable for data analysis
Database
Database design
Certain steps and considerations must be followed
Identify user needs
Determine the scope of the project
Select a database tool
Data types
Vector data
They are represented
Through points
Lines
Polygons
They are used to represent geographical objects
Highways
Buildings
Rivers
The formats
Shapefile (.shp)
GeoJSON (.json)
KML (.kml)
Raster data
Represent geographic data
The temperature
Soil moisture
The formats
TIFF (.tiff)
GeoTIFF (.geotiff)
ERDAS Imagine (.img)
NetCDF (.nc)
Ways of data entry
There are several ways to enter data
Digitization
GPS
Database problems
They include
Data quality
Data integration
Presentation of information
They include
Maps
It is important to take into account the following aspects:
Scale
Symbolization
Legend
Orientation
Interactivity
Graphics
Common types
Bar Charts
Line charts
pie charts
Information management
Working with layers, searches, queries and data selection
Layers
It is a file
Contains spatial information of a single variabl
Working with tables and graphs
Tables
Some key considerations
Display
Edition
Relations
Analysis
Graphics
Some key considerations
Chart Types
Variables
Analysis
Integration
Elements and format of a table
Some common elements
Columns
Rows
Column headers
Cells
Keys
Calculations
The most common include:
Distance analysis
Density analysis
Interpolation analysis
Network analysis
Pattern analysis
