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A crisis of art. Europe later sixteenth century - Coggle Diagram

- - - - mannerism in italy 1520.1580
        
        maniera a term rooted in the word mano (hand( and it means style in italian for contemporary writers
        
        start; death of raphael 1520 or the sack of rome of 1527
        
        Michelangelo particulary in his later works is seen as the main foundational figure in the mannerist movement
        
        Mannerism characteristics
        
        complexity of forms
        
        play with space, perspective foreshortening, body proportions
        
        which developed because of:
        
        competition between painters that emphasizes individuality, virtuosity, personal and distinctive style
        
        unusal use of colour
        
        Mannerism in Italy
        
        complex forms
        
        preference for contorted figures, or in motion
        
        play with space, perspective foreshortening, body proportions
        
        emphasis on individuality, virtuosity
  - - - Anti-mannerism in the late 16th century
        
        aritsts and theorists begin to reject the principles of mannerism as straying from the classical ideals and divine order created by god
        
        the look back to high renaissance, especially works of Raphaek like; The ansedei Madonna of 1505
        
        use of unique proportions for the figures
        
        classical architecture in the backgroudn
        
        symmetry
        
        one point perspective
- - - - Martin Luther
        thought images could be used in churches as long as they accurately portrayed biblical
        events
        
        John Calvin
        
        Excluded images from the churches, because
        he believed they encouraged idolatry and distracted people from listening to the Word of
        God
        But
        
        he did believe that artists’ abilities were
        gifts from God that should be used.
        
        • Biblical religious images and ‘decent’ secular
        images could be used outside of churches
        
        View on images protestansim vs catholic church
        protestantism
        
        rejected the Catholic belief that
        Mary and other saints had spiritual
        power; therefore, images that
        focused on them (and not Christ)
        were largely eliminated
        
        Catholic Church
        
        defended the use
        of these images and used artworks
        to promote Catholicism