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articles week 2, Gothic Art and Architecture, in Muffet Jones,…
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Gothic Art and Architecture, in Muffet Jones, Introduction To Art
Neoplatonism.= the process of reconciling classical philosophy with Christian teachings
- a philosophical and religious system developed by the followers of Plotinus in the 3rd century AD
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Abbot Suger (pr. Soo’-jhay; circa 1081-1151)
- Suger determined that the old Romanesque church was too low, too dark and not ornate enough to honor both the royal occupants and their God
*Suger was the patron of the rebuilding of Saint Denis
Suger’s masons drew on the new elements that had evolved or been introduced to Romanesque architecture:
- the pointed arch
- the ribbed vault
- the ambulatory with radiating chapels]
- the clustered columns supporting ribs springing in different directions
- and the flying buttresses
- which enabled the insertion of large clerestory windows.
- This was the first time that these features had all been brought together
The new structure was finished and dedicated on June 11th of 1144
With the load removed from the walls of Gothic churches by the flying buttresses they were able to:
- be pierced by larger and more numerous openings.
- Suger’s wish for the metaphorical light of Heaven to shine into the church could be fulfilled.
Nave = the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregationbar traceryclerestorytriforium
Sculptures
- Surfaces of Gothic churches were decorated with sculpture that was meant to be didactic –
- it reinforced the lessons of the church for both the literate and illiterate as they entered and left the building
By the Late Gothic period sculpture begins to return to a semblance of naturalism and a suggestion of the Classical figures of ancient Greece and Rome
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The Unicorn Tapestries
- Created between 1484 and 1500
- these panels were a series of six Flemish tapestries
- using the medieval meme of the Unicorn and the Virgin to also describe the senses
The transition from the Romanesque to the Gothic style of painting happened quite slowly in Italy because Italy was strongly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting
Giotto’s style represented a clear break with the Byzantine tradition, making use of foreshortening, chiaroscuro techniques, and depicting highly expressive figures
During the 14th century, Tuscan painting was predominantly accomplished in the International Gothic style, characterized by a formalized sweetness and grace, elegance, and richness of detail, and an idealized qualit
Romanesque:
- Refers to the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 13th century or later, depending on region
chiaroscuro
- An artistic technique popularized during the Renaissance
- referring to the use of exaggerated light contrasts in order to create the illusion of volume
Foreshortening
- A technique for creating the appearance that the object of a drawing is extending into space by shortening the lines with which that object is drawn
Michael Baxandall, Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy
gauging
an obvious way for the painter to invoke the gauger's response was:
- to make pointed use of the repertory of stock objects used in the gauging exercise
- the familiar things the beholder would have been made to learn his geometry on: cisterns, colums, brick, towers, paved floors and rest