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Skeletal and Neuromuscular - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal and Neuromuscular
Skeletal
Osteoclasts
Large nucleated cells that destroy bone cells, reabsorb calcium and play a major role in bone remodelling
they break down the tissue to allow new growth
with age osteoclast activity increases, which leads to an inbalance
you need weight bearing exercise to keep bone mass, so that osteoclast activity can decrease whilst osteblasts can increase allowing more bone growth
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts are bone cells that are responsible for bone synthesis and mineralisation, they form new bones and grow and heal existing bones
They release bone matrix that turns proteins into new tissue
They are triggered by chemical reactions or hormones when bones grow or change
They are usually found on the surface of a bone
Synovial fluid
A thick liquid found in the cavities of joints, and acts as a lubricant to protect the end of bones, and reduce friction when moving.
viscosity is how thick the fluid is, which affects its resistance of flow
Physical activity can stimulate lubrication in your joints
Factors such as aging, overuse, inactivity and injuries can deplete synovial fluid
Neuromuscular
Motor unit
Your brain tells you how much force to use in the muscle when picking something up, throwing something or doing any physical activity
Muscle spindles
A muscle spindle is a sensory organ that detects and reports muscle length and changes in length to the central nervous system .
They lie within an independent capsule, parallel to the main muscle. They are therefore stretched when the muscle lengthens but shorten when the muscle contracts
Golgi Tendon organs
Sensory receptors that detect changes in muscle tension and play a role in regulating motor unit. They detect muscle tension and prevent injury in the muscles
Chemo, baro and thermoreceptors
Baroreceptors
These are receptors that detect stretch and pressure within the blood vessels and arteries and send this information to the brain. They send signals to our vascular system to vasoconstrict and vasodilate.
Thermoreceptors
These are receptors that are sensory neurons that detect changes in temperature. Thermoreceptors are located all over the body within the dermis of the skin. Some thermoreceptors exist close to the surface, like in the fingers and toes. Other thermoreceptors are deeper within the dermis of the skin like in the thighs or legs.
Chemorecptors
These are receptors that detect O2, CO2 and PH levels in the blood. They send signals to the brain to stimulate cardiovascular functions