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CELL - Coggle Diagram

- - - - PLASMA MEMBRANE
        
        SEPARATES TWO OF THE BODY'S MAJOR FLUIDS
        
        EXTRACELULLAR FLUID
        
        INTRACELULLAR FLUID
        
        THE PLASMA MEMBRANE IS COMPRISED OF:
        
        GLYCOLIPIDS
        
        FOUND OF EXTRACELLULAR MEMBRANE SURFACE
        
        CONSISTS OF A FATTY ACID CHAIN AND A POLAR SUGAR GROUP
        
        HELP FORM THE GLYCOCALYX
        
        GLYCOPROTEINS
        
        PROTEINS
        
        ABOUT 50% OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
        
        RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST MEMBRANE FUNCTIONS
        
        INTEGRAL PROTEINS ARE INSERTED INTO THE LIPID BILAYER AND PERIPHERAL PROTEINS ARE LOOSELY ATTACHED TO THE INTEGRAL PROTEINS
        
        CHOLESTEROL
        
        ABOUT 20% OF THE MEMBRANE
        
        CONSISTS OF A POLAR REGION AND A NONPOLAR REGION
        
        INSTERTS BETWEEN PHOSPHOLIPID TAILS
        
        PHOSPHOLIPIDS
        
        IT HAS THE HYDROPHILIC POLAR 'HEAD' AND THE HYDROPHOBIC NON POLAR TAIL
        
        LIPID RAFTS
        
        MORE STABLE AND LESS FLUID THAN OTHER MEMBRANE PORTIONS
        
        CAN INCLUDE OR EXCLUDE SPECIFIC PROTEINS
        
        DYNAMIC ASSEMBLIES OF SATURATED PHOSPHOLIPIDS
    - - ORGANELLES: CELLULAR COMPARTMENTS EACH WITH THEIR OWN SPECIALIZED PURPOSE TO MAINTAIN CELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS
        
        MEMBRANOUS
        
        ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: INTERCONNECTED TUBES ENCLOSING FLUID-FILLED CAVITIES
        
        ROUGH ER: STUDDED WITH RIBOSOMES, IT SYNTHESIZES PROTEINS AND ENCLOSES THEM IN VESICLES FOR TRANSPORT TO GOLGI APPARATUS
        
        SMOOTH ER: ITS ENZYMES PLAY NO ROLE IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, IT CATALYZES REACTIONS INVOLVED IN; LIPID METABOLISM, CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS, ABSORPTION/TRANSPORTATION OF FATS AND DRUG DETOXIFICATION
        
        GOLGI APPARATUS
        
        'TRAFFIC DIRECTOR' FOR CELLULAR PROTEINS
        
        MODIFIES, CONCENTRATES AND PACKAGES PROTEINS AND LIPIDS FOR EXPORT FROM CELL
        
        VESICLES CONTAINING PROTEINS FOR EXOCYTOSIS PINCH OFF AS SECRETORY VESICLES
        
        PACKAGES DIGESTIVE ENZYMES INTO LYSOSOMES
        
        MITOCHONDRIA: CELLULAR 'POWER PLANT', MOST ATP GENERATED HERE AND CONTAIN THEIR OWN DNA,RNA AND RIBOSOMES
        
        PEROXISOMES
        
        MEMBRANE SACS THAT CONTAINS ENZYMES IMPORTANT IN DETOXIFICATION
        
        OXIDASES - USE O2 TO DETOXIFY MOLECULES LIKE ALCOHOL
        
        CATALASES - CONVERT HYDROGEN PROXIDE TO WATER
        
        LYSOSOMES
        
        CAN DIGEST ALMOST ALL KINDS OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
        
        SUPPORT AN ACIDIC INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: H+ AND ACIDIC HYDROLASES
        
        CONTAIN DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
        
        DIGESTS PARTICLES TAKEN IN BY ENDOCYTOSIS
        
        NONMEMBRANAUS
        
        CYTOSKELETON
        
        NETWORK OF ROD-LIKE PROTEINS RUNNING THROUGH THE CYTOSOL THAT GIVE THE CELL ITS STRUCTURAL STABILITY
        
        THREE MAJOR TYPES: MICROFILAMENTS, INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS, MICROTUBULES
        
        CENTROSOME AND CENTRIOLES
        
        CENTRIOLES ARE PAIRED ORGANELLES RESPONSIBLE FOR ORGANIZING MICROTUBLES DURING MITOSIS
        
        CENTROSOME - CELL CENTER
        
        RIBOSOMES
        
        COMPOSED OF PROTEINS AND RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA)
        
        TWO POPULATIONS; FREE RIBOSOMES AND MEMBRANE-BOUND RIBOSOMES
        
        SITES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
        
        CELLULAR EXTENSIONS
        
        FLAGELLA
        
        MICROVILLI
        
        CILIA
      - INCLUSIONS
      - CYTOSOL
    - - NUCLEOLI
        
        CONTAINS DNA THAT ISSUES GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMAL RNA
        
        TYPICALLY LARGER IN GROWING CELLS THAT ARE REQUIRED TO GENERATE LOTS OF PROTEINS
        
        SPHERICAL BODIES WHERE RIBOSOMAL SUBUNITS ARE ASSEMBLED
      - CHROMATIN
        
        NUCLEOSOMES ARE MADE UP OF DNA WRAPPED AROUND 8 HISTONES
        
        CHROMATIN COILS FURTHER TO FORM CHROMOSOMES WHEN READY TO DIVIDE
        
        COMPOSED OF;
        
        DNA 30%
        
        HISTONE PROTEINS 60%
        
        RNA CHAINS 10%
      - NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
        
        PUNCTUATED BY NUCLEAR PORES TAHT ALLOWS TRANSPORT OF MOLECULES
        
        A DOUBLE MEMBRANE BARRIER