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Fundamentals of Scientific Writing— Composition - Coggle Diagram
Fundamentals of Scientific Writing—
Composition
• How to construct an effective paragraph
Paragraph Flow
(1) Volcanic ash adsorption poses a great environmental hazard. (2) The deposition of this ash and the
subsequent draining of its volatiles is a rapid route by which elements and ions are delivered to the ground (3–5).
(3) Due to similar magma types, leachate content from volcanoes in close proximity to each other appears alike.
(4) The greatest hazard to the environment is posed by magmas with relatively high halogen content, and many
hazardous leachate fluoride concentrations are found in volcanoes with high F/SO ratios. (5) Particles <2 mm
across seem to have a greater adsorption, and therefore a high leachate hazard exists even with low ashfall (7,
8). (6) Under high humidity conditions, gas accumulation can be further increased as bigger sulphuric acid
droplets make contact with ash particles more likely (12). (7) The measuring and reporting of leachate results
should be standardized.
How to organize a paragraph
Organize your paragraphs
In scientific writing, as in writing ordinary prose, paragraphs are typically constructed of three principal parts: a topic sentence,
which introduces the overall idea of the paragraph; supporting sentences, which provide the details on the topic; and a
concluding sentence, which summarizes the information presented or sets the stage for the next topic or paragraph. (
Use a topic sentence to provide an overview of the paragraph
How to make a paragraph coherent
Use consistent point of view.
Be consistent in your point of view or person. Switching from one style to another within a paragraph or document disorients
the reader. To create a consistent point of view, and thus good flow of a paragraph or section, use the same subject or person
throughout your paragraphs and sections
Use consistent order
To keep paragraphs organized, authors also need to pay attention to keeping a consistent order of topics. If you list items in a
topic sentence and then describe them in the remaining sentences at the paragraph level, keep the same order.
How to create good flow using word location, key terms, and transitions
Make your sentences cohesive.
Within a paragraph, the sentences need to be cohesive so their logical layout fits neatly together. When authors arrange
sentences to be cohesive, they consider word location. Good word location creates good “flow” of a paragraph.
Use transitions to indicate logical relationships between
sentences
Use key terms to create continuity
How to emphasize important ideas and signal subtopics
Make your writing concise
A well-written paragraph should be concise. Condensing a passage often needs to be done in combination with other
techniques:
Emphasize important information.
Deemphasize or omit less important information.
Replace or omit words and phrases.
Establishing Importance
Omit overview words and phrases such as:
described noted
noticed observed
Summary
Basic Rules—Composition
Organize your paragraphs.
Use a topic sentence to provide an overview of the paragraph.
Use consistent order.
Use consistent point of view.
Make your sentences cohesive.
Use key terms to create continuity.
Use transitions to indicate logical relationships between sentences.
Make your writing concise.