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Powerpoint 4 - Coggle Diagram
Powerpoint 4
Physical factors influencing river regimes
Colder climate
Colder climates tend to hit peak flow in May/April due to the melting of ice and snow.
Volga hits its peak in May
In Stepp regions, such as Ukraine, there is a low discharge in summer
Due to a lack of snow melt
Mekong river
High flow in Summer and July
DUe to monsoon season in late summer
Geology
Less permeable rocks result in a higher average flow rate
No real groundwater store
Water will runoff into rivers
Impermeable rocks
Slate
Granite
Basalt
Metamorphic rocks
Permeable rock
Jointed limestone
Chalk
Sandstone
Types of river regime
Intermittent channel
Flow normally ceases flow for weeks or months per annum
Ephemeral channels
Only flows for hours or days during rainfall
Transient rivers
Exceedingly dangerous, especially in Africa.
Rivers can erase entire settlements.
Perennial channel
Has a continuous flow in parts of its bed all year round during years of normal rainfall
Human impacts on River regimes
Paving and urban material is impermeable
Increased surface runoff
Increased flow
Drainage leads straight into the river
Defotestation
Reduces canopy and root stores of water
Positive?
Damming of rivers
Damming of the Nile ensures a constant flow of water- it will never dry up.
River regimes and Hydrographs
A river regime or a hydrography is a graph depicting what a typically does in a yearly period.
The regime is how the river discharges water in a year.
Discharge is measured in cubic meters per second
Called a cumec.