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Chapter 1 - Biological Molecules - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 1 - Biological Molecules
1.1
Covalent Bonding
This
involves a shared pair of electrons
and it consits of a bond between a non-metal and mental element. Covalent bonds have strong intermolecular bonds which are hard to over come.
Hydrogen Bonding
In water the oxygen atom is slightly negative and the hydrogen is slightly positive. This is due to the unequal sharing of electrons. These bonds are
weaker than covalent bonds
so they can be broken by heating the substance up.
Water is a polar molecule.
Ionic Bonding
This is a bond between a metal and a non-metal. There is a strong
force of attraction
between the ions which are charged. This type of bond is hard to overcome.
Biological Molecules
Carbohydrates
Protein
Lipids (fats and oils)
Nucleic acids
Water (it is a biological molecule as it is
essential to life
)
The main elements are
CARBON
,
HYDROGEN
and
OXYGEN
Organic Molecules
Contain a
carbon skeleton
(this means carbons which are bonded to other carbons), only have
covalent bonds,
are typically quite
large
, and contain only
carbon
,
hydrogen
,
oxygen
,
sulfur
,
nitrogen
and
phosphorus
.
Inorganic Molecules
No carbon
, Many different elements and contain charged ions like
salts
,
metals
and
minerals
.
Functional groups
-OH(hydroxly), COOH(Carboxyl), NH2(Amine), R(Variable)
Monomers and Polymers
A
monomer
is a
single
subunit