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PLASTICS, recidab, capdab, capdab2, capdab3, capdab6, capdab5, capdab7,…
PLASTICS
Plastics are materials formed by polymers, that are made from long chains of carbon atoms. We use plastics every time
Synthetic plastics: compounds extracted from petroleum, gas and carbon
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The properties of plastics are: strenght, elasticity, rigidity and flexibility. However there are other properties that are common to the majority of plastics: mechanical, acoustic, electrical, thermal and others like impermeability
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Formation techniques
Extrusion: (1) We put thermoplastics (2) We apply pressure (3) We cool the shaped material (4) We collect the pieces of plastic
Vacuum forming: (1) We put them into a mould (2) Then we use a heater to heat the mould and soften the plastic (3) We extract the air below the sheet and the desired form is created (4) We leave the mould to cool, then remove the object
Moulding: there are three principal techniques, (1) injection moulding, (2) blow moulding and (3) compression
Lamination: thermoplastics produced by the extrusion method is passed through a series of hot cylinders to produce sheets of varying thickness
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Joining plastics
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Permanent joints: we use this when we don't want to separate the pieces. We can use adhesives or soldering
Textiles and leather
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Synthetic fibres: are plastics that are long-lasting, resistant and waterproof. Some examples are polyester, nylon or Lycra
Stone and ceramics
These material are found in nature, for example, marble, granite and slate. We can also find them such as sand and gravel
Stone binders: sand and gravel are used for binders, which are used to "blind" other materials together. Blinders: plaster, cement, mortar, concrete
Ceramics
Physical and chemical properties: clay is a fine-grained earth composed of aluminium and other substances. We can mould it when it's wet
Making ceramics: (1) Preparing the clay, (2) Mixing, (3) Modelling, (4) Drying, (5) Baking, (6) Glazing and enamelling
Classification of ceramic materials: there are two groups, structural ceramics (permeable) and whiteware ceramics (impermeable)
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