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PLASTICS, Tools and machines can be used to finish the objects we have…
PLASTICS
Formation techniques
Lamination: After extrusion it is passed through some hot cylinders to produce sheets of different thicknesses. This way we can produce different finishes, ej: glossy, matte (depends on the outer coating applied by thefinal cylinder). is used to form worktops.
Vacuum forming: (we use large surface plastic sheets) We introduce the thermoplastic into a mold. We heat the mold and soften the plastic. We extract the air from under the sheet (so that the desired shape is created). We let the mold cool and then remove the object. used to form for example dashboards.
Extrusion: We put a thermoplastic in a heated cylinder, we apply pressure, we cool the molded material until it solidifies, finally we collect the plastic pieces. Is used to form; wrapping, lining for electronic cables, tubes and pipes.
Moulding:
blow: We put a piece of plastic in a mold with the same shape as the object we want to make. We close the mold and blow pressurized air. The plastic adheres to the sides of the mold and takes its shape. used to form hollow objets.
compression: We place thermostable plastic on the base of a mold. This is
closed to compress it, then we heat it and It becomes soft and malleable. This adapts to the shape of the cavity. finally we extract the object. used to form containers, machine bodywork andelectrical appliances.
injection : We put thermoplastic in a mold. When the material has cooled and solidified, we remove it from the mold. used to form domestic utensils.
Stone and ceramics
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Glass
shaping techniques:We make glass by mixing sand, soda and limestone. can be done in three ways:
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plastic presentation
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Properties of plastics
common:
mechanical: malleability, ductility, mechanical resistance
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other properties: : low density, impermeability
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what is plastic?
Plastics are materials that we use in our daily lives, they are formed by polymers (are made from long chains of carbon atoms).
Ecological properties, we can recicle plastics. There are three recycling processes
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Energetic recycling: to incinerate plastics and the energy that is produced is used in industry, for heating or producing electricity.
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Joining plastics
Temporary joints: its with mechanical fasteners: Nut and bolt, Standard screw and Double ended screw.
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Once the plastic is formed, molded and finished, we can join the pieces
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We obtain fibers from raw materials. They are cleaned, intertwined, stretched and dyed to make threads. Which are used to make fabrics. Leather is made from animal skins
Synthetic fibers such as nylon or polyester are plastics.They are durable, resistant and waterproof. A mixture of natural and synthetic fibers is usually used to make textiles.
They are found in nature as large blocks of rock within the Earth.example, marble, granite and slate. They are also in granules and fragments of different sizes, such as sand and gravel.
They are used to make asphalt and for binders,
used to join other materials
Clay is a fine-grained soil composed of aluminum silicates and other substances. It is soft, porous, resistant to high temperatures and inert. It has many different colors
We can make ceramics from clay through the following process: 1. Preparing the clay, 2. Mixing, 3. Modelling, 4. Drying, 5. Baking, 6. Glazing and enamelling.
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Glass is a transparent material with different textures and colors, waterproof, smooth and hard, but fragile, resistant to environmental conditions and other things, good thermal, electrical and acoustic insulator.
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