Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Oxygen demand - Coggle Diagram
Oxygen demand
Gas transport in humans: Haemoglobin is a respiratory pigment in red blood cells, which binds oxygen and increases the efficiency of its transport and delivery tissues throughout the body
-
oxygen does not easily dissolve in blood, so is transported throughout the body chemically bound to the respiratory pigment 'Haemoglobin', inside red blood cells
myoglobin is a molecule that is chemically similar to haemoglobin but has only pone unit so stored oxygen in muscles, releasing the oxygen during periods of prolonged or extreme muscular activity.
-
when CO2 levels increase too quickly H+ can accumulate in the blood (pH reduces) a strong stimulus to increasing breathing rate
Homeostasis During Exercise: maintaining homeostasis during exercise is principally the job of the circulatory and respiratory systems.
greater metabolic demands are placed on the body, therfore works harder to maintain homeostasis.
Homeostasis : A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.
more heat is generated when exercising and must be dissipated, demands for oxygen increase so more waste product is produced, which must be transported away and metabolised.
maintaining homeostasis when exercising is the job of the: circulatory system and response systems, although the skin, kidneys and liver are also important.
physiological changes : increases body temp, heart rate, glucose production , breathing rate
Effects on high Altitude: short and long term physiological changes help the body adjust to the low oxygen conditions at high altitude.
-
the human body makes adjustments to help in low oxygen conditions. sudden exposure to Altitude of 2000m causes breathlessness and above 4500m results in mountain sickness (breathlessness and nausea) this can result in fatal accumulation of fluid on lungs and brain
-
acid-base readjustment and an increase in red blood cells are long term changes. Hyperventilation increases O2 in blood and reduces CO2, fluids are more alkaline.
-
Transport of oxygen : the greater the oxygen tension, the more oxygen will combine with haemoglobin
-
-
the release of oxygen to tissues is enhanced by the effect of pH. Higher pH (lower CO2), more oxygen combines with haemoglobin
As the blood pH decreases (higher CO2) haemoglobin binds less oxygen and releases more to the tissue this is called 'Bohr effect'
responding to changes in oxygen demand: control centres in the brain stem alter breathing and heart rates in response to exercise.
increased heart and breathing rates during exercise are brought about by control centre in brainstem and repsond to the changes in blood pH caqused by the bloods concentration of CO2.
-
control centres are respiratory and cardiovascular centres there output influences muscles responsible for breathing and heart contraction respectively.
Exercise and Heart Rate: breathing rate and heart rate both increase when exercising to meet the body's increased metabolic demands.
oxygen is required for cellular respiration and ATP production, increased rate of breathing delivers more oxyegn to working tissues and enables them to make more ATP.
-
heart rate increases so blood can move around more quickly, allowing for faster delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
Fight of Flight : an adaptive response, which prepares for the body to deal with stress.
physiological reaction that occurs with short-term stressful situations. this is triggered through sympathetic stimulation of the central medulla region of the adrenal glands.
the stimulation releases hormones Adeline and noradrenaline which help the body cope with short-term stressful conditions
regulate many of the body's processes : digestion, immune function, mood, sexuality and energy storage and expenditure