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The Creation of a Republic 1918-1919 - Coggle Diagram
The Creation of a Republic 1918-1919
The Collapse of the Second Reich
Monarchy began to collapse in the final weeks of WW1
Germany began to shift to democratic government and saw a social revolution (in some form).
The Revolution from above
29th September to October 3rd 1918
Generals advised the Kaiser to appoint a new civilian government and seek an armistice
Max von Baden appointed Chancellor of the new government and peace feelers sent out
Authoritarian military rule ended and Reichstag deputies from socialist and liberal parties included in the government
Government included workers for the first time.
The Revolution from below
31st October to 8th November 1918
Mutiny by sailors in Kiel resulted in soviets being created across the country and workers' rule began to develop
Many ordinary Germans were involved in the disturbances.
Represented a new and radical form of social organisation
Abdication of the Kaiser and the declaration of a republic
9th November 1918
Hindenburg advised the Kaiser to abdicate and WII fled to Holland
Ebert, SPD leader, became head of a SPD-USPD government
Monarchy had come to an end and the government was now led by the largest party in the Reichstag
Formed a government of the working class, not just aristocrats.
The Limiting of the revolution
10th November 1918- January 1919
Ebert anti-communist "I hate it like sin"
Ebert Groener pact signed
Army remained unreformed and Junkers remained leaders of major branches of government, such as the judiciary and the civil service
New elections quickly called
Elections of January 1919
Universal suffrage
Produced a constituent assembly