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Climates of uncertainty in rural india - Coggle Diagram
Climates of uncertainty in rural india
Cause
Climatic variability
intertwined with
Risks of agrarian (agricultural) capitalism fueled by neoliberal state policies and capital-intensive production
Agrarian risks reproduce social inequalities
risks of industrialised mono cropping (eg. water scarcity, rising input costs)
vialibity of Green Revolution tech declining causing declining profitability
Reduced government spending on agricultural subsidies and infrastructures
deregulation of sale and purchase of agricultural commodities
The expansion of highly capital-intensive farming has 'injected risk into the operating system of the agricultural order in a newly intensified way.' (Sethi, 2021)
eg. water scarcity and insecurity worsened with droughts caused by climate change, the roots of this crisis traced back to water-intensive industrial agriculture promoted by the state
increased unpredictable patterns of extreme and uneven rainfall
however, farmers are used to bad weather. this is not the biggest issue.
instead, farmers more concerned with commodity prices, input costs and debt
extreme weather induced by climate change is always perceived and experienced through already transforming socio-natures and political economies
risks and opportunities presented by climate change are unequally distributed between different social groups
droughts, floods, pests and disease at an unprecedented and unpredictable frequency and intensity
Effects
Rising costs of production finance by
debt
and highly risky investments
Volatile and often unremunerative prices
Suicide of over 300k farmers over the past three decades
Degraded lands
Dwindling yields
rising rural expectations for accumulation and consumption
Solutions
A deeper reckoning with regional histories
Concept/Theory
the term
climate
Climate change as a shifting set of weather patterns
Climate as the prevailing set of conditions characterising a group, period or place