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OSMOREGULATION, Screenshot 2024-09-16 at 11.09.29 AM, Screenshot 2024-09…
OSMOREGULATION
Nephron : functional unit of kidney creating ad using salt gradient in the kidney to modify the composition of the urine it produces
selective filter element, amde up of renal corpuscle and associated tubules and ducts.
Ultrafiltration, forcing fluid and dissovled substances through a membrane by pressure occurs in the first part of nephron
filtration rate per day needs to stay constant, then urine is modified through secretion and reabsorption according to physiological needs at the time.
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which actively filters blood and generates urine
Water Budget: water is required for physiological processes to function. water needs vary depending on age and sex
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water is a requirement we cannot live without it for more than 100 hours. body water content varies between age and sex. men need more water due to the higher fat-free mass and energy expenditure.
Homeostatic role of kidney: kidney's roles are excretion, and fluid and ion homeostasis.The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron (kidneys contain more than 1 million nephrons)
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excrete body waste, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, red blood cell production .
blood pH regulated by secretion or retention of H+ ions. Blood pressure regulates through hormone renin. red blood cells is stimulated by hormone erythropoietin
Kidney regulates fluid and electrolytes: primary role of kidney is regulate blood volume and composition so homeostasis is maintained
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Blood pressure: is regulated by four main determinants: blood volume, cardiac output, peripheral resistance and overall compliance.
Because blood plasma is one of the fluid components, osmotic pressures have a direct bearing on blood pressure.
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the longer the loop of henle, the larger the salt gradient through the interstital fluid of the kidney.
the higher the salt gradient allows for more water to be withdrawn osmotically from the urine as it passes down the collecting duct ( water withdrawn from the urine)
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Definition: The process by which an organism regulates the water balance in its body and maintains the homeostasis of the body.
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