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middle ages, The church, Differences Romanesque & earliest basilicas,…
middle ages
the dark ages = is a term for the Early Middle Ages
- 5th century c. 14th century
art in the middle ages
- there were no portraits as we understand them in the middle ages
- all the artists did was to draw a conventinal fiugre and to give it to the insignia of offical
what do we see in medieval art?
- we primarly see religious paintings ; devotion
- christian environment and its all devoted to representing the Old and the New Testament.
medieval artistsegg tempera
- arranged the symbols of the sacred stories so as to form a satisfying arrangement
but
- We know that they did so by ignoring the real shape and proportion of things and by forgetting about space altogether
Fourteenth century
artists painted likenesses from nature, and the art of portaiture developed during that period
Simone Martinia
onwards
The interest had gradually shifted (from the early middle ages) from the best way of
- telling a sacred story as clearly and impressively possible
- to the methods of representing a piece of nature n the most faithful way
- the two ideals do not necessarily clash
Formerly
- was it sufficient training to learn the ancient formulas for representing the main figures of the sacred story and to apply this knowledge in ever-new combinations
later;
- He had to be able to make studies from nature and to transfer them to his pictures
They wanted to explore the laws of vision , and to acquire sufficient knowledge of the human body
to build it up in their statues and pictures
as the Greeks and Romans had done
this leads to
The Renaissance
- once their interest took this turn, medieval art was at an end. We come to the period that is known as the Renaissance
-
The church
the sculptures must not be expected to look as natural, graceful and light as classical works. They are all the more impressive because of their massive solemnity
-
without these methods the teachings of the church could never have been translated into visible shapes:
- painting = was on the way to becoming a form of writing pictures
but:
- this return to more simplified methods of representation gave the artist of the Middle ages a new freedom to experiment with more complex forms of composition
as with forms so with colours:
- as the artist no longer felt obliged to study and intimate the real gradations of shades that occur in nature --> they were free to choose any colour they liked for their illustrations
- it was this freedom from the need to intimate the natural world that was to enable them to convey the idea of the supernatural
-
the teachings of the Church about the final goal of our life were embodied in these sculptures on the portal of the church
-
other improvements
The ghotic style
If it was true that pillars were sufficient to carry the arches of the vaulting
-
All that was needed were slim pillars and narrow ‘ribs’.
Anything in between could be left out without danger of the scaffolding collapsing.
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between which the other stones were held as mere filling, then all massive walls between the pillars were really superfluous.
- the round arches of the romaneqsue style for instance were unsuited to the aims of the Gothic builders
- the best thing is to not have a rounded arch at all but to fit two segments together
- that is the idea of the pointed arch
born in northern France -- in the second half of the twelfth century
Characteristics
- pointed arch
- columns, weight barring
exterior
- buttressess (flying)
- rose window
The word ‘Gothic’ was first used by the Italian art critics of the
Renaissance to denote the style which they considered barbarous
and
which they thought had been brought into Italy by the Goths who
destroyed the Roman Empire and sacked its cities.
Even the windows are overspread by these interlacing lines known as tracery*tracery = is an architectural device by which windows are divided into sections of various proportions by stone bars or ribs of moulding.
The whole interior seems to be woven out of thin shafts and ribs; their network covers the vault, and runs down along the walls of the nave to be gathered up by the pillars, which are formed by a bundle of stone rods
There are no blank walls or massive pillars anywhere.
Ghotic architects valued; high windows, slim pillars
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