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Microbiology, - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Carbon + nitrogen source, water, vitamins and mineral salts
    - - Blood agar, starch agar, salty agar
  - - - 1 - 5*C
    - - Grows in extreme temperatures
      - Grows in hot springs + Oceanic volcanic vents
  - - - Must-have, either oxygen or no oxygen
        
        Obligate Aerobes - Can only grow with oxygen
    - - Can grow with both, but better with the respective name
        
        Facultative Anaerobes - Grows better without oxygen, but can still grow with oxygen
    - - Bacteria can "survive" harsh conditions, but only reproduce when the conditions are restored.
        
        Refrain from the term "Survive"
- - - - Hands washed
    - - Disposable petri-dishes are sterile when closed, from the heat of manufacturing
      - Glass spreaders - dipped in alcohol, and alcohol is burned off
      - Sterilized in an autoclave - heats equipment over 120*C
  - - - Lids of agar - tilted + not lifted off when agar is pouring in, or while inoculated
        
        Inoculation - Introducing microorganisms into suitable mediums
  - - - Prevents human pathogens + allows oxygen into the culture
- - - - Circles
        
        Spherical
    - - Rod-shaped
        
        Lozenges (Thin rhombuses)
    - - Spiral
        
        Worm shaped
  - - - Thicker peptidoglycan layer
        
        Retains the crystal violet stain
        
        Purple stain
    - - Thin peptidoglycan layer
        
        Alcohol will wash crystal violet out
        
        Counterstain with safranin
        
        Red / Pink stain
      - Extra layers of lipopolysaccharide
        
        Protects cells from lysozyme + antibiotics
    - - Bacteria sample
        
        Stain with crystal violet
        
        Stain with iodine
        
        Decolorise with alcohol
        
        Counterstain with safranin
      - Positive = purple
      - Pink / Red = Negative