lectures
Vitruvis
lecture
Rome pantheon -- for all the gods
- the most Roman building to sruvive antiquitiy
- built by an Emperor Hadrian and dedicated c. AD 126
- Originally the temple of all the gods
grand dome
- coffered dome
- phanteon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome
- oculus
Leon Battiste
- Town planning / civil engineering
- building materials
- Temples and orders of architecture
- contamination Book III
- civil buildings
- Domestic buildings
"Triad" of characteristics associated with architecture:
- utillitas, firmitas and venustas
- utility strength beauty
- utility strength beauty
Principles of good architecture
- order = arrangement of parts
eurythymy - symmetry
- propriety
- economy
The classical or Vitruvian orders:
- Doric = fluted or smooth columns with no base & round capitals (the top part) This is the earliest and plainest order. Associated with masculinity. There is a very plain version valled; The Tuscan order
2.Ionic is usually lfuted, slender columns, a separate rounded base, and capitals with volutes the curly tops associated with feminity
- Corinthian. Fluted columhns, with elaborate capitals, including volutes and acantgys leaf decoration. This is the order developed last and the fanciest classical order
Lecture notes week 3
Diptych
Triptych
Polyptych = many
Early Netherlandish Painting
- Flourished in the cities of present-day Blegium
- starts in 1420 with Jan van Eyck and Robert Campin
- although coinciding with the Italian Renaissance, it is seen as having an independent evolution that did not have its roots in Humanism
Rogier Campin
Emergence of a new style: characteristictics:
- strong delineation of form
- Inticate technique
- heigtened realism
- intense realism
- expressivity
- complex icongraphy
- three dimensionality and perspective
- skill in rendering colour
- attention paid to natural phenomena like light, shadow and reflection
New Patrons
New public (and patrons) for painted art arise in the Netherlands in the fifteenth century
Many of these were wealthy townspeople
Italian renaissance painting
- mannerism comes before the baroque
giorgio Vasari 1511-1574
- lives of the artists 1550-1566
- family of florentine bankers, they became facto rulers of Florence and they were great pictures of art - Medici Family
- Vasari = in locates stylistic changes in artists creative genius and spirit
- Baxandall = talks about patrons or clients, as the source of changing taste
- = changing values and interest. Develops ideas of visual culture and the period eye
mannerism in italy 1520.1580
- maniera a term rooted in the word mano (hand( and it means style in italian for contemporary writers
- start; death of raphael 1520 or the sack of rome of 1527
- Michelangelo particulary in his later works is seen as the main foundational figure in the mannerist movement
Mannerism characteristics
complexity of forms
play with space, perspective foreshortening, body proportions
which developed because of:
competition between painters that emphasizes individuality, virtuosity, personal and distinctive style
unusal use of colour
comparison renaissance art and mannerism
Renaissance art
- idealised nature
- proportion
*symmetry - grace
- stability
mannerism
- augemented nature
- elongation
- asyymetry
- tension
- instability
traits of mannerism
- exaggerated elements of anatomy
- play with space
- unnatural colours
- baroque 1600-1750
- early modern
Parmigianio 1526-27
c. 1524 selfportrait
- self-portrait is circular
- depcited using a mirror
Paramigianio madonna with a long neck 1534-40
- long hand slender long hand
- thin wrist and long fingers
- long neck
Bronzino 1503-1572
Titian
- Titian diana and acteon 1556
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week 6
France
Baroque comes frst then comes
Review'The Netherlands c. 17th century. Golden age art characteristiscs:
- realisim
- pictorial light
- details of domestic life
Genre Painting = subject matter that shows every day life
Still lives = objects that are not alive that are just static objects
Group portraits = Frans Hals
Italy 17th century baroque art:
charaacteristiscs
- complexity in terms of style and copmposition
- appeal to the senses often in dramatic ways
- large scale, grandeur, sensual richness, drama
rococo is extension of the baroque
- is late baroque
- started 1730s France
Rococo Characteristics
- exceptionally ornamental and dramatic style
- relies on scrolling curves, sculpted molding and illusionstic painting to create drama and the illusion of motion
- partial abandonment of symmetry (unlike Barocque)
Painting characteristics:
Jean-Honoré Fragonard the swing 1767
- pastel hues and soft light sources
- focus on love and romance implicit and explicit seductiveness
- idealised pastoral settings
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After comes Neoclassicism 18th and 19th centuries
- return to simplicity of shapes
- revival of style and classical antiquity
- reaction to rococo and retun to simplicity
- rediscovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum
- The grand Tour to Europe
Rise of the academic salon
- 17th to early 20th century
- artistic production in France controlled by art academies which organized official exhibitions called salons
THe accademia di San Luca Rome
- Take care of the large numbers of young artists
- Exchanging of points of view between students
- Impose a professional hierarchy and be socially recognized as artist --> the artist will be seen as intellectual person and not only as a craftsman
- Distinguish themselves from the ol university associations
- regulate artisitc developments of this time
- to elevate art to be more than craft
- distinguish themsleves from the old university associations
- achieve a universal style; encouringing the study of different stylistic models
Salon Subject matters
1. Historical painting mythological biblical -
Jacques louis david- oath of the horatti 1784
2. landscape
John Constable - the Haywain 1821
2. still lives
3. Portraiture
Sir joshua Reynold, Sarah Campbell 1771
- Genre painting - everyday life
- Idealising and moralising
- Idealising and moralising
- Jean batistte Simeon Chardin saying grace le benedict 1740
Dominant figures in the Salonns
England
- Sir Joshuas Reynolds
France
- Jacques louis David
Jacques Louis David
- Embraced Neoclassical style
- Opperating within the salon system
Orientalism
Jean-Auguste-Dominqiue Ingres
The grand Odalisque 1814
lecture week 6 pt2
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Final lecture
Modernism main themes
- rebellion against tradition
- quest for originialtiy and authenticity
- exploration of new forms and techniques
- pushing the boundaries of representations
Itialin futurism 1909-1914
- typical subject matters - celebrated industrialisation
post modernism
- rejection of absolute truths
- skepticism of grand narratives
emphasis on relativism, pastisch and the recognintion of diverse perspectives in art, culture, and society
emphasises the subjectivity of knowledge and the multiplicity of perspectives
- challenges the distinction between different art forms: merges hig hand low culture, genres and styles
- employs irony and humor to subvert traditional artistic seriousness and reevaluate
POWERPOINT
- postmodernism represents a loss of faith in human reason
a return to subjectivity to most important element of human existence - It provides a bleak prognosis of the human condition and offers no real solution
Abstract expreesionism
Mark Rothko 1903-1970
- interested in fields of colours and relations of colours
- in the texture Itself of these particular colours itsel
- explore colour as a way of expressing meaning and emotion in art
- Jackson Pollock, One, number 31 1950- 1950
Pop Art
- emerged in the 1950s in US and UK
- challenges the concept of fine art by incorporating imagery from popular/mass culturue: advertising, comic books, mass-produced objects
- fine art, high and low art etc. and trying to elevate these popular images to high art
- fine art, high and low art etc. and trying to elevate these popular images to high art
Andy Warhol 1928-1987
- leading figure in this popart movement
- explored the interface between art, advertising and celebrity culture of the 1960s
- worked in a variety of media including painting, silkscreen, printing, photography film etc.
andy warhol campbells soup cans 1962-3
- mass produced imager
- and what is imagery from a more elevated register
silkscreen prints
*Andy Warhol Marilyn Diptych 1962
- religious imagery - dipytich was older
Roy Lichtenstein Whaam 1963
- creates large painting
- plays with the concept of the comic books and has these characters that are almost taken from comic strips
- tries to embody the astethics of a comic
- Balloon Dog by Jeff Koons 1994-2000*
- Balloon Dog by Jeff Koons 1994-2000*
- Example of how postmodernism embraces ktisch and pop culture
- koons challenges the boundaries between high and low art, raising questions about taste, consumerism and the nature of contemporary art
under post modernism umbrella
- Postmodernism as social commentary
Barbra Kruger
I shop therefore I am 1987
- creates these images that are quite humorous but aim to critique: consumerism etc.
Cindy Sherman
- untitled film stills 1977-1980
- feautes photographs in which she portrays various female characters in staged cinematic scenes
themes; - identity, representation, and the construction of gender
- Sherman's work is a quintessential example of postmodernism's focus on the performative nature of identity
PWOERPOINT
Postmodern fascination with the unexpected and the provocative
- aims to challenge traditional ideas of art beauty and representation
themes
- morality
- the boundaries between life and death
- the role of the spectacle in contemporary art
Damien Hirst the physical impossibility of deathi n the mind of someone living 1991
Tracey Emin
- my bed 1998
- The structers defy conventional architectural nroms. They reflect postmodernism's departure from modernist simplicity and its embrae of eclectic architectural forms
- John johansen, mummers stage center theater Oklahoma 1970
- frank gehry, state center MIT, 2004