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Biology, Chapter 2: Movement in and out of cells - Coggle Diagram
Biology
Chapter 1: Cells and organisms
Characteristic of living organisms
Movement: all organisms are able to move
Resporation: all organisms break down glucose and other substances inside their cell, to release energy that they can use.
Sensitivity: all organisms pick up information about changes in their environment, and react to them
Growth: all organisms begin small and get larger, by the growth of their new cells and by adding new cells to their body.
Reproduction: organisms are able to make new organisms of the same species as themselves.
Excretion: all organisms produce unwanted or toxic products as the result of their metabolic reaction
Nutrition: organisms take substances from their environment and use them to provide energy or materials to make new cells.
=> Characteristic of living organisms: MRS.GREN
Cell structure:
Cell membrane: Every cell has a cell membrane around the outside. The membrane is a very thin layer of protein and fat. The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell. It is partially permeable.
Cell walls: All plant cell are surrounded by cell wall. But cell wall can not be found in animal cell. Cell wall are fully permeable.
Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm is clear and jelly like. It is nearly all water.
Vacuole: A vacuole is a fluid-filled inside the cell which is surrounded by its own membrane.
Nucleus: The nucleus is where the genetic information is stored. The information are kept in chromosomes which are made of DNA. The DNA which then create protein, controles the cell.
Chloroplast: Chloroplast are never founded in animal cell only in plant cell because this is where photosynthesis takes place.
Mitochondria: create energy for the cell
Ribosome: Very small structure in the cell that uses information on DNA to make protein.
Chapter 2: Movement in and out of cells
Diffusion: The net movement of particles from their region of their higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, as a result of their random movement
Concentration gradient:
Osmosis: is the diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane. Osmosis if the progress of water particles going in and out of the plant cell. The water potential is what determines whether the water particles goes into the plant cell or out of it.
If animal cell gets to much water, it will swell and burst.
If animal cell gets to little water then it will shrink
If plant cell gets to much water then it swell but does not burst. This is because plant cell have strong cell wall.
Active transport: Active transport is when the water potential outside the cell is lower than the water potential inside the cell making it not possible for the cell to get enough water, so it has to use force to take in the water particles. Active transport uses energy to force the water to go into the cell
