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3 Geographical Methods - Coggle Diagram
3 Geographical Methods
What types of data may be collected & how may data collection be sequenced?
Types of data for evidence
Primary
data (first-hand)
Sampling
: process of selecting a portion of a population being studied, usually to make generalisations about the population.
Probability
Stratified Random
Select a sample that has a proportionate makeup to the population based on age & sex
final sample of simple
Simple random
Every member of the population is given a number
a random no. generator used to generate random numbers to select samples
Samples are randomly selected, without the researcher's conscious decision
done using random no. generator
removes bias
greater chance of creating a representative sample
Non-probability
Quota
Select a proportionate makeup to the population - final sample of convenience
Convenience
samples selected as they are convenient sources of data.
friends & people walking down the street
Samples are non-randomly selected, often using the researcher's conscious decision
subjectively selects sample
biased
unlikely to be representative
Secondary
data (collected by someone else)
books
newspaper articles
journals
maps
Quantitative (measured)
Qualitative (open-ended qns in semi-structured interviews)
Sequencing data collection
Quantitative data are collected to
identify
patterns & trends
Qualitative data are collected to
examine
patterns & trends observed
Qualitative data collected to
make
observations
Quantitative data collected to
verify
observations
What are some
limitations
to be considered when designing fieldwork?
How much data can I collect?
Time available?
Access to places
Availability of equipment
Manpower (how many ppl involved?)
What are the risks in fieldwork?
Falls, cuts, minor injuries
Students are to wear proper footwear & clothing
Take note of potential hazards
Traffic accidents , collisions with cyclists
Take note of local traffic hazards & road crossing procedures
avoid collecting data on the road/path of cyclists