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Chapter 4- Exploring diversity of separation techniques - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4- Exploring diversity of separation techniques
From the food we eat to the waste we discard, mixtures are part and parcel of our daily lives. The ability to separate mixtures into their constituents is necessary in order to reduce, reuse and recycle for sustainable living
For example, water is essential for the survival of living things. Globally, millions of people lack access to clean water. Climate change as resulted in fewer sources of drinking or portable water. To boost the supply of water, we can obtain portable water using separation techniques.
magnetic attraction
in simple words magnetic attraction is used to separate magnetic substances from non-magnetic substances
is a separation technique used to separate components of mixtures by using magnets
to attract non-magnetic materials which are magnetic
This separation technique can only be used if one of the components are magnetic
Magnetic materials
I---->iron
C--->cobalt
N--->nickel
S---> steel
non-magnetic materials
aluminium
silver
gold
filtration
filtration is a separation technique used to separate an insoluble solid from a suspension
Filtration is a process of separating of different particles sizes using a sieve
the pores in the filter paper will only permit smaller liquid molecules to pass through
as a result larger solid particles are trapped as residue the liquid is able to pass through the filter paper as filtrate
evaporation
A solute and a solvent can be separated using evaporation. The solvent changes from a liquid to a gas at a much lower temperature than the solute. This allows the solvent to be removed from the solute, Leaving behind the solute as the residue.
how to separate salt form salt solution
heat the salt solution up and all the water will gain heat and evaporate and the salt will be left
To separate sugar from a sugar solution we use steam as heating it directly will cause the sugar to decompose
used in the food and fermentation industries
used to obtain a dissolved solid (solute) from a liquid (solvent)
distillation
Substances that boil at different temperatures that can be separated by distillation
Distillation is a process that separates substances with different boiling points through boiling and condensation
how it happens
example
the salt solution in the distillation flask is heated until it evaporates
into water vapour which passes through the condenser
The condenser has cold water running through it continuously
The water vapour condenses into pure water which is called distillate.
The salt remains in the distillation flask
Used in producing
distilled water
food flavourings
perfumes
obtaining drinking water from sea water
reverse osmosis
Reverse Osmosis is accomplished by water pressure pushing tap water through a semi-permeable membrane to remove contaminants from water. This is a process in which dissolved inorganic solids are removed from a solution.
pre-treated sea water is pumped through partially permeable membranes at high pressure
Each membrane is a thin piece of material with small pores. the membrane allows water particles but not salt particles to pass through. They also do not allow microorganisms such as bacteria to pass through
pure water is then obtained