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Psychological Foundation of Curriculum - Coggle Diagram
Psychological Foundation of Curriculum
Association and Behaviorism
Edward Thorndike (1874-1949)
He championed the connectionism theory.
Three Laws of Learning
Law of Readiness
Law of Exercise
Law of Effect
IVAN PAVLOV (1849-1936)
He is the father of the classical conditioning theory, the S-R theory.
S-R Theory is a foundation of learning practice called indoctrination.
Robert Gagne (1916-2002)
He proposed the hierarchical learning theory.
Learning follows a hierarchy.
He introduced tasking in the formulation of objectives.
Cognitive Information Processing Theory
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Theories of Jean Piaget
Cognitive development has stages from birth to maturity.
Sensorimotor stage (0-2), preoperational stage
(2-7), concrete operations stage (7-11) and formal operations (11 - onwards).
Keys to Learning
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration
Lev Vygotsky
(1896-1934)
Theories of Lev Vygotsky
Cultural transmission and development stage
Learning precedes development
Sociocultural development theory
Keys to Learning
Pedagogy creates learning processes that lead to development.
The child is an active agent in his or her educational process.
Howard Gardner
Gardner's multiple intelligences
verbal-linguistic
musical-rhythmic
visual-spatial
logical-mathematical
bodily-kinesthetic
interpersonal
intrapersonal
naturalistic
Daniel Goleman
Emotion contains the power to affect action.
He called this Emotional Quotient.
Humanistic Psychology
Gestalt
Gestalt Theory
Learning si explained ni terms of "wholeness" of the problem.
Human beings do not respond to isolated stimuli but to an organization or pattern of stimuli.
Keys to Learning
Learning is complex and abstract.
Learners analyze the problem, discriminate between essential and nonessential data, and
perceive relationships.
Learners will perceive something in relation to
the whole. What/how they perceive is related to their previous experiences.
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Self-Actualization Theory
Keys to Learning
Produce a healthy and happy learner who can accomplish, grow and actualize his or her human self.
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Nondirective and therapeutic learning
He established counselling procedures and methods for facilitating learning.
Children's perceptions, which are highly individualistic, influence their learning and behaviour in class.
Keys to Learning
Curriculum is concerned with process, not product; personal needs, not subject matter, psychological meaning, not cognitive scores.
