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Ancient Civilizations rural-summer-sunset-landscape-with-river-dramatic…
Ancient Civilizations 
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ancient china
Government: In the book, it said that ancient China's government was run by the civil service. There were thousands of civil servants throughout the empire who reported in to the Emperor. The top civil servants were ministers who reported directly to the Emperor and worked in the palace. Ministers were wealthy and powerful government officials.
Art: In the text, it said that Ancient China covered a vast and ever-changing geopolitical landscape, and the art it produced over three millennia is, unsurprisingly, just as varied. Still, despite continuous indigenous technical developments, changes in materials and tastes, and the influence of foreign ideas, there are certain qualities inherent in Chinese art which make it possible to describe in general terms and recognise no matter where or when it was produced and for what purpose. These essential qualities include a love of nature, a belief in the moral and educative capacity of art, an admiration of simplicity, an appreciation of accomplished brushwork, an interest in viewing the subject from various perspectives, and a loyalty to much-used motifs and designs from lotus leaves to dragons.
Religion: In the text it said "Confucius developed a new mortal outlook based on kindness and respect. Confucius encouraged ancestor worship because it strengthened family loyalties. As a result, Chinese came to see themselves as part of a greater family. Plus that encompasses not only the living but also the dead and the unborn". This is an image of Confucius.
Architecture/technology: From the book text it said that Buildings were constructed with wooden posts, beams, and brackets, allowing flexibility and resilience against earthquakes. This method uses beams and columns as the skeleton in a dougong (斗拱interlocking wooden bracket) structure. The dougong structure is an intricate system of wooden brackets that transfer the weight of the roof to the columns. It is a crucial element in traditional Chinese architecture, providing both structural stability and decorative elegance, and is most commonly used in palaces, temples, and other high-status buildings.
Commerce:In the text it, said that ancient China was often connected to the rest of the world through trade. Also via merchant ships such as the Indian Ocean, connecting east Asia to the Middle East, Europe and Africa.
Location:In the text, it said that the families that lived in homes in fields fallow very strict codes of conduction.Also in the text, it said that most people in imperial China lived in the countryside and worked in the fields. The hard work formed the foundation of the great Chinese empire.
Writing: In the text it said that the shang kings used the oracle bones to talk to their ancestors. The picture is of an oracle bone with writing on it
Indus river valley
government: In the text it said that people were divided based on wealth and occupation. It also said that the four classes were Brahmana (Brahmin): priests and the educated Kshatriya: rulers and warriors Vaishya: farmers, artisans, and merchants Sudra: laborers and servants Dalits "Untouchables": outside of a caste and considered the lowest members of society. Another thing from the text is that the caste system began because the Aryans had four social classes, which they called varnas. (history of south asia)
architecture/technology: In the text it said the people within the Indus Valley created well-planned cities. Specifically, the people during this time cared deeply about hygiene, and their cities resembled the importance of this idea. Another thing it said is the advanced architecture and construction techniques of the Indus cities is also shown with impressive dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls. One more thing it said was these early cities show remnants of the world's earliest sanitation system.(history of Asia)
Religion:In the text it said that the religion of the ancient Aryans, known as Brahmanism, was polytheistic and heavily influenced the later development of Hinduism. It also said that both religions have much in common and share many rituals. Another thing is that the caste system began because the Aryans had four social classes, which they called varnas.(history of south Asia)
location:In the text it said over time, a vast number of settlements were built on the banks of the Indus River and surrounding areas. Another thing it said was around 5,000 years ago, a civilization developed along the Indus River alluvial plain (floodplain), in South Asia, due to the large amount of fertile land and proximity to a water source. One more thing it said was In the 1920s, under layers of land and mounds of dirt, archaeologists discovered the remains of 4,000 year old cities, which existed at the same time as the Egyptians and Mesopotamians.(history of south Asia)
writing:In the text it said that their language of symbols have over 400 words. Also the text said that symbols are a proper writing system. Another thing the test said was the details of Indus society as well as little about its government and politics.(history of south Asia)
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