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Ancient Civilizations images (27) - Coggle Diagram
Ancient Civilizations 
Mesopotamia
Location: The author wrote that the location didn't have a name but eventually it was called Mesopotamia meaning "between the rivers" Mesopotamia was the birthplace of writing as well as additional inventions that have changed the world. In the book it states " The region between the rivers is sometimes called the cradle of civilization."
(Steele 6)
Religion: City -state rulers have many different names for themselves. The book states " Some rulers, such as Gilgamesh of Uruk, became legendary and their history entangled with all kinds of myths. Both roles of a Sumerian king were later adopted to Mesopotamian rulers.(Steele 10)
Writing: Early people who were nomads and hunters did not have to use written records. In the book it says " The Sumerians devised the world's first script or writing system. Over time the marks have changed into scripts that represent sounds. (Steele 12)
Art: Mesopotamians have successfully made a lot of crafts and technologies. The book states " Using low, horizontal looms, women wove cloth from wool, then linen, and, from the eighth century BCE, cotton." At some point in history before 3500 BCE the potter's wheel was made to produce stuff a lot more efficient. (Steele 28)
Architecture: A symbol of Mesopotamia is the ziggurats. The text says " Ziggurats looked similar to the stepped pyramids of ancient Egypt, which were used as royal tombs, but they served a different purpose." Ziggurats are sacred precincts, which are thought to be a place of gods. (Steele 24)
Government: Babylon was first introduced as a city of the Akkadian Empire. For a long time it remained all about religion and trade. The book states "It did not become the capital of a great empire again until 626 BCE." (Steele 14)
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Ancient China
Art: On page 56 it says, that China traded Chinese Bronze, jade, silk, lacquer, and porcelain with european and other Asian countries. Chinese rulers supplied the raw materials and controlled them. Many large factories were made to create the trade items easier. (COTTERELL 56)
Writing: In the text it said "The Shang Kings used Oracle bones to consult the ancestral spirits." People would read the cracks in order to discover answers to questions. An ox bone or tortoise shell was placed on a fire and scorched until it cracked (COTTERELL 11)
Religion: The book says "As a result, the Chinese came to see themselves as part of a greater family that encompassed not only the living but also the dead and the unborn." This uprising turmoil led Confucius to make an overall outlook. He said that a good emperor should treat their people well and fairly.(COTTERELL 12)
Architecture/Technology: On page 22 it says, China was sorta behind on inventions. They were not modernized like European and other Asian countries. China's people would encourage the further development of the science department. "In time, Paper and printing dramatically improved communications" Meaning they became more improved when they introduced paper and printing. (COTTERELL 22)
Government: In the text it said "The earliest members of the imperial civil service were recruited by Gaozu, the first Han empire." He got a bunch of scholars to form an imperial civil service. These people also studied the ancient Confucian classics. (COTTERELL 18)
Trade/Commerce: On page 58 it says, The silk road was the most famous trading route spreading from Northern China all the way across Asia. The Mongol empire had full control over the silk road during the Mongol empire's existence. The silk road made China and the Mongol Empire improve significantly. (COTTERELL 58)
Location: The text says, "The Civil Service established by the first hand emperor helps successive dynasties govern the huge population wisely and effectively." Chinese philosophers made a significant contribution. Confucius encouraged people to be good leaders. (COTTERELL 6)
Indus River Valley
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Religion: In the text it says "They spoke a language called Sanskrit, which became the basis of many modern South Asian language." Also they left behind 2 major collections of religion, 1.Mahabharata 2.Ramayana. The Vedas are mostly religious texts, but they also described famous victories of the Aryans as they invaded India. (SOURCE https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans)
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