Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Ancient Civilizations Pirogue_running_on_the_Mekong_at_golden_hour…
Ancient Civilizations 
Mesopotamia
Location: In the text it said that originally there wasn't a name for the region, but later the Greeks named it Mesopotamia meaning the "land between two rivers." There were two rivers that flowed through the Middle East, the Tigris River and Euphrates River.
In the book, it states that "most of ancient Mesopotamia lay within the borders of modern Iraq." (Steele 6)
Architecture: An example is that in Ancient Mesopotamia, they built temples that are called Ziggurats. Ziggurats are made out of bricks and in Ancient Mesopotamia, the bricks were made out of mud and straw. In the book, it states that "Most Ziggurats had between two and seven levels. Many were built on top of previous structures, which were considered too sacred to demolish." (Steele 24)
Religion: An example of Mesopotamia religion is the religion in Ancient Mesopotamia was based on Polytheism. Polytheism/Polytheistic means the belief in more than one god or goddess. In the book, it said "The Sumerians worshipped many gods and goddesses. Later Mesopotamian peoples took up or adapted Sumerian gods, sometimes giving them new names." (Steele 14)
Art: An example is they made tools to help mold clay to make pottery. They made their tools out of copper and soon they made their tools out of copper. In the book, it had said that "They were molding clay into simple pots by the eighth millennium BCE." (Steele 28)
Writing: An example of Mesopotamian writing is they used a writing method called Cuneiform. Cuneiform is using soft clay and a triangular shaped stick to make Cuneiform signs. I know this because in the text it says "By 3300 BCE they were using about 700 different symbols." (Steele 12)
Government: In the text it said that the city-states were led by a ruler. The ruler was called a king, governor, or lord. In the book, it said "The reigns of each dynasty were recorded on clay tablets known as king lists." (Steele 10)
Ancient Egypt
Location: On page 8, it said that on the banks of the Nile was the "Black Land," which was named after the rich dark silt. Ninety percent of Egypt is covered by desert called the "Red Land." According to the text, "without this fertility, there would have been no civilization in Egypt." (Hart 8)
Architecture: On page 20, it said that the Egyptians would build pyramids which would be able to be seen for miles on flat terrain and the pyramids would also be the tombs for the Pharaoh and his belongings. The most famous pyramid that was built was called The Great Pyramid of Giza. In the book, it states "The idea of this pyramid was to recreate the mound that had emerged out of the watery ground at the beginning of time, on which the Sun god stood and brought the other god and goddesses into being." (Hart 20)
Art: On page 52, it said that they would make their own toys
out of wood or clay. They would also play games like catch and they would sometimes play catch and give the person a piggy-back ride, too. In the book, it states "There are Egyptian paintings that show boys playing soldiers and girls holding hands in a sort of spinning dance." (Hart 52)
Religion: In the text it said like the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians worshipped hundreds of different gods and goddesses. That means that they were Polytheistic. In the book, it states "Many of the gods are represented by animals." (Hart 24)
Government: On page 10, it says that their government was led by a man and this man was called the Pharaoh. The Egyptians had thought that the Pharaoh was a god. In the book, it states "The king was not only the most powerful and important man in Egypt-he was thought to be a god." (Hart 10)
Writing: On page 34, it said that they had only a few people that could read and write Hieroglyphics and those people were called scribes. Scribes are nobles and are skilled workers and scribes would normally be second on the pyramid right below the Pharaoh with the other nobles. In the book, it states "Scribes had to be experts in writing hieroglyphs, an elaborate form of picture-writing with about 700 different signs." (Hart 34)
Ancient China
Government: On page 16, it says "In 221 B.C. The Chinese Empire was formed." In the text it says that the first ruler of China was Emperor Zheng in the Qin Dynasty. Another example is when Emperor Zheng died, he was buried with over 8,000 terracotta soldiers. (COTTERELL 16)
Writing: On page 11, it said "The Shang kings used oracle bones to consult the ancestral spirits." Questions and their answers were inscribed on the oracle bones. Many times, an ox bone and tortoiseshell was used and then scorched until it cracked. (COTTERELL 11)
Art: On page 16, it says "The ghostly army of terracotta warriors that guard the Emperor's First Tomb are accompanied by life-size horses and chariots." In the text it says that no two terracotta warriors have the same face. Another example is the soldiers once carried real weapons, but the weapons were stolen by grave robbers after the fall of the Qin Dynasty, (COTTERELL 16)
Architecture/Technology: On page 34, it says "Most people in Imperial China lived out in the countryside and worked in a field." In the text it says that most farm jobs were carried out by hand. Another example is that one of the main tasks for the farmer and his family was to maintain the supply of water to the crops. (COTTERELL 34)
Religion: On page 12, it said "Confucius believed that the early days of the Zhou dynasty (1027-256 BC) were the golden years of social harmony." In the text, it said that the turmoil led Confucius to develop a new moral outlook. This new moral outlook was based on kindness, respect, and the strength of the family. (COTTERELL 12)
Commerce (Trading): On page 58, it said "Chinese merchants amassed large fortunes by exporting luxury goods such as silk, spices, tea, porcelain, and lacquerware." Another example is The Silk Road earned its name from all the silk traded on it. This also earned it the name "The Land of Silk". (COTTERELL 58)
Location: On page 10, it said "The first Chinese dynasty to leave a historical record was the Shang Dynasty." In the text, it says that the Shang Kings ruled in the Northern part of China. Another example is their heartland was the fertile land around the Yellow River. (COTTERELL 10)
Indus River Valley
-
-
Religion: In the text, it says "The religion of Ancient Aryans, known as Brahmanism, was polytheistic and heavily influenced the later development of Hinduism." Both of these religions have a lot in common and share multiple rituals. Most of the stuff that we know about them come from the sacred text called the Vedas which has mainly religious text. (https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans)
-
-