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ancient civilzations Pirogue_running_on_the_Mekong_at_golden_hour_between…
ancient civilzations 
mesopotamia
location in the text it said that originally there wasn't a name for the region but later the greeks named it mesopotamia meaning between the rivers. there were two rivers that flowed through the middle east the Tigris river and Euphrates rive.In the book it stats "most of Ancient mesopotamia lay withen the borders of modern Iraq"(Steele6)
Architecture One of the most remarkable achievements of Mesopotamian architecture was the development of the ziggurat, a massive structure taking the form of a terraced step pyramid of successively receding stories or levels, with a shrine or temple at the summit. Like pyramids, ziggurats were built by stacking and piling. (Steele24)
Mesopotamian religion was polytheistic, with followers worshipping several main gods and thousands of minor gods. The three main gods were Ea (Sumerian: Enki), the god of wisdom and magic, Anu (Sumerian: An), the sky god, and Enlil (Ellil), the god of earth, storms and agriculture and the controller of fates. (steele16
Art An example is they made tools to help mold clay to get a bunch of portty.They made tools out of copper and sone branse to help with making potty.In the book they were "molding clay in old pots by the millennium BCE"(STEELE 28)
writing used to be in symbols to make deles and hunters used it to make a deal.The used sofet clay for the templet and a wooden rod for a seombles.(Over the centuries the marks developed in to scrip that represented sound) (Steele 12)
Goverment was based on the understanding that human beings were created to help and serve the gods. The high priest, king, assembly of elders, governors, and any other officials were recognized as stewards chosen by the gods to care for the people in the same way a father was expected to care for his family. (Steele 36)
Ancient Egypt
Location on page 8 it said that on the banks of the Nile was the "black land" Wich was named after the rich dark silt. Ninety percent of Egypt is covered by desert called the "red land". According to the text "without this fertility" there would have been no civilian Egypt" (Hart 8)
Art
Art must be viewed from the ancient Egyptians to understand it. The somewhat static, usually formal, strangely abstract, and often blocky nature of much Egyptian imagery has, at times, led to unfavorable comparisons with later, and much more “naturalistic,” Greek or Renaissance art. However, the art of the Egyptians served a vastly different purpose than that of these later cultures. ( HART 52)
Architecture the architectural monuments produced mainly during the dynastic periods of the first three millennia BCE in the Nile valley regions of Egypt and Nubia. The architecture, similar to representational art, aimed to preserve forms and conventions that were held to reflect the perfection of the world at the primordial moment of creation and to embody the correct relationship between humankind, the king, and the pantheon of the gods. (HART20)
Religion The author wrote The Ancient Egyptians were polytheistic (believing in more than one God) and are thought to have had thousands of gods and goddesses. They dictated how people lived their lives, how they treated other people, how they farmed and worked, and all their beliefs about the afterlife. (Hart 24)
Govermment:Pharaohs were believed to be gods on Earth, and it was this belief that was the source of their power, also called divine right. A pharaoh's family helped him rule by filling other important offices in the Egyptian government.(HART 10)
Writing The Egyptian language evolved through several phases over the approximately 3,500 years of ancient Egyptian history, with changes in grammar and addition of new scripts. Hieroglyphs comprise a system of “picture-writing” in which the “letters” are images. The ancient Egyptians drew inspiration for their shapes from nature and the world around them – signs that resemble people, animals, body parts, plants, buildings, objects, and many other forms.(Hart 34)
ancient china
art page 56 One of the outstanding characteristics of Chinese art is the extent to which it reflects the class structure that has existed at different times in Chinese history. Up to the Warring States period (475–221 BCE), the arts were produced by anonymous craftsmen for the royal and feudal courts. (Cottrell)
religion p 12 Confucianism and Taoism did not arise in a spiritual vacuum. There was an entire religious world into which Confucius and Lao Tzu entered and whose principles they used and tailored to their own needs. In what follows, we will examine briefly some of the major principles and practices of ancient China. By doing so, it will become apparent how these were adapted to the thought of the great Chinese. (Cottrell12)
writing: on page 11 it said "the shang kings used oracle bones to consuit the ancestral spirits" questions and their answer were inscribed on the oracle bones.maney times an ox bone and tortoiseshell was used and then scorched until it cracked.(Cottrell 11)
goverment page 16 Discover the story of China's First Emperor, Qin Shi Huang. Qin Shi Huang was born on 18 February in 259 BC. Famed for his army of terracotta warriors built to protect him for eternity, the Emperor is also one of the most controversial figures in history.(Cotterell)
architecture /technoloy page 24 Walled compounds, raised pavilions, wooden columns and panelling, yellow glazed roof tiles, landscaped gardens, and a careful application of town planning and use of spaceare.All notable features of the architecture of ancient China, with many of them still playing an important part in modern architecture across East. (Cottrell 24)
loction pg 6 Scholars do not fully agree on the dates and details of the earliest Chinese dynasties, but most accept that the Shang Dynasty is the first one to have left behind written records and solid archaeological evidence of its existence. The Shang is the second dynasty of the Three Dynasties Period. Legends speak of the earlier Xia dynasty, but no written records from that time have been found to confirm this.(Cotterell)
commerce page 60Some of the traders went south to India, and some went along the northern Silk Road through Turkestan and Uzbekistan to the Persian Empire. Mainly people shipped silk to the West, and imported gold. People first used cowrie shells for money in China as early as 1800 BC, under the Shang Dynasty. (Cottrell60)
Indus River Valley
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goverment in the text If there was governing in the Indus Valley, then the leaders of the Indus Valley were probably kings, scholars and priests of Brahmin Indo-Iranian descent. The Indus Valley Civilization while exhibiting advanced urban planning and infrastructure, presents a complex picture of its government, with evidence suggesting both centralized and decentralized aspects, including a possible heterarchical system. "The Aryan civilization had a large impact on modern-day India society."https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans
Reilegn in the text it says: Harappan culture, is a subject of much debate and speculation, with limited evidence and the undeciphered Indus script hindering definitive conclusions. A possible cult of a goddess and a bull, along with evidence of animal worship and symbolic representations of phallic and vulva, potentially influencing later Hindu beliefs."The Vedas are mostly religious texts, but they also described famous victories of the Aryans as they invaded India."https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans
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