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Ancient Civilizations download - Coggle Diagram
Ancient Civilizations 
Mesopotamia
Location : In the text it said that ancient Mesopotamia is part of modern day Iraq.Mesopotamia was also located in between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Also according to the book, "much of the region is now hot desert, but many areas were much more fertile in antiquity". (Steele 6)
Writing: In the passage the author stated that the Mesopotamians had a written language called cuneiform. They also marked property with small cylinder seals simple to cuneiform. Furthermore, In the passage it also states that "The citizens of Uruk were using about 700 different symbols or pictographs.These were pressed into soft clay with a stylus". (Steele 12)
Architecture: On page 24 it says that the Mesopotamians built ziggurats as temples to their gods. They also made small figurines of their gods to put into the ziggurats. Also in the book it states "The images of ziggurats were pressed into clay by a cylinder seal".(Steele 24)
Art: The author wrote that the Mesopotamians would carve ivory imported from India or North Africa. They also made advances in metalworking, for example they mixed copper with other alloys to create bronze. In the text it also said "Over the centuries, potters learned to decorate pots with paint,slips,imprints and engravings". (Steele 28-29)
Religion:The Mesopotamians were polytheistic, meaning they believe in many gods. They worshipped Enil who was the father of the other gods they worshipped. In the text it says that "The Assyrians were protected by ashur and mulusssiu." (Steele 15)
Government: Mesopotamians were very religious and there government was a theocracy. In the text it says that "City state rulers were honored with various titles,such as en,ensi, or lugal".The kings also had to perform religious duties.(Steele 10)
Ancient Egypt
Religion:The ancient Egyptians were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many gods.The Egyptians worshipped ra,bastet, thoth, and hundreds of others.Also in the text it states that the ancient Egyptians believed that"The pharaoh saw the sun god as a disk with rays ending in human hands".(Hart 24
Architecture:The ancient Egyptians built pyramids to bury and honor their dead pharaohs. The pyramids were originally step pyramids but later evolved to be sloped. A piece of text evidence that proves this is when in the text it says"Later pyramids contained inscriptions of spells to help the pharaoh in the after life".(Hart 20)
Writing:Egyptians wrote in a language called hieroglyphics.There was over 700 hundred different pictures with various meanings.In the text it also says"The beetle symbolizing the sun god was often carved on the top of stamp seals".(Hart 34)
Art:The Egyptians had many different jewel and gold adornments.They would often wear rings or necklaces to show dedication to a god. In the text the author states that "Egyptian jewelers had access to many semi precious stones including orange-red carnelian,green feldspar, and mauve amethyst".(Hart 56&57)
Location: In the text it said that 90 % of Egypt's land was covered by desert ,which was called the Red Land.When the Nile would flood,it would begin the year for the Egyptian farmer by bringing deposits of silt.When the waters lowered the farmers went to work and "the result was usually a good Summer harvest".(Hart 6)
Government:The people of Egypt were led by a pharaoh a man who claimed to be taking direct orders from a god making it a theocracy.The King or pharaoh was the most important man in all of Egypt he was also worshipped as a god.A piece of text evidence that gives another example of this is when in the text it says that"The king and court gathered together and top officials,diplomats, and high priests would attend". (Hart 10,11,12)
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Writing:There writing is unable to be deciphered by modern humans. It appears often but is difficult to figure out. People often argue if they even ,m ade a language at all.
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