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Ancient Civilizations Hoh-River_Colin-Wiseman-1-1024x767 - Coggle Diagram
Ancient Civilizations 
Ancient Egypt
Location: In the text it said that 90 percent of Egypt's land was covered by desert, which was called the Red Land. When the Nile would flood, it would begin the year for the Egyptian farmer by bringing deposits of silt. When the waters lowered the farmers went to work and " the result was usually a good summer harvest." (Hart 8)
Architecture: The text shows that the great pyramids were built for the king to climb and join the Sun god. The text says, " The idea of this pyramid was to recreate the mound that had emerged out of the watery ground at the beginning of time," this also shows what pyramids were going to be used for. The text also says that pyramids were then used to protect the deceased bodies of pharaohs. (Hart 20)
Religion: In the text it said, " The Egyptians worshiped hundreds of different gods and goddesses." It also says that each of the 42 different districts, there was a different god there to worship. Although there are lots of gods and goddesses that they worshipped, the Sun god was who they mainly worshipped. (Hart 24)
Art: The text states that Egyptians like to use music and dances as a form of there art. The text says, " Music was also performed on more everyday occasions," which shows how much they enjoyed music. It also shows how much they enjoyed their toys by giving some examples like balls, dolls, toy mice, and a horse on wheels. (Hart 50-54)
Writing: In the text it says that Egyptians with the jobs of scribes had to be some sort of expert when writing hieroglyphs. In the text it also says, " Hieroglyphs were used on state monuments, temples, tombs, and religious papyri." This shows that their writing system, hieroglyphs, was very important to the Egyptians. (Hart 34)
Government: The text says that only people on the top of the pyramid would attend the royal court. The text says, " the king and court gathered together, and top officials, diplomats and high priests would attend." The text also says that the only way you would be allowed in the royal court was to celebrate or the giving of gifts. (Hart 12)
Mesopotamia
Location: In the text it said Mesopotamia is part of modern-day Iraq. Mesopotamia was also located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Also, according to the book, "much of the region is now hot desert, but many areas were much more fertile in antiquity." (Steele 6)
Writing: In the text it says that cuneiform was the way of writing for the early people. I know this because the text says, " At first they used picture symbols to represent objects. " This text also shows that they used a reed to press the reeds into the clay. (Steele 12)
Architecture: In the text it said that they used ziggurats and temples as sacred precincts and they also used temples too. In the text it says, "Temples, the homes of the gods, also housed important records." This shows that both temples and ziggurats were very important to their architecture. (Steele 24 )
Art: The text shows that ancient Mesopotamia was very involved in crafts. I know this because the text says, " Over the centuries, potters learned to decorate pots." The text also shows jewelry, which shows the status of a being. (Steele 26)
Religion: In the text it shows that they had worshiped many gods and goddesses. I know this because the text says, " The Sumerians worshiped many gods and goddesses." The text also says that they believed in the stars and moons moving across the sky as gods and goddesses. (Steele 14)
Government: The text shows that Sumerians honor city-state rulers. I know this because the text says, " City-state rulers were honored with various titles." The text also says how the rulers enjoyed doing these deeds for their people. (Steele 10)
Ancient China
Art: The text shows that terra-cotta soldiers were guarding the First Emperor's tomb and that they were also with chariots and life size horses. In the text it says, " No two soldiers have the same face - each is an individual portrait of a soldier from the Qin army. It also says that these soldiers once carried real weapons, however they were stolen. (Cotterell 16)
Writing: In the text it said "the Shang king used oracle bones to consult the ancestral spirits." People would read the cracks in order to discover answer to questions. An ox bone or tortoiseshell was placed on a fire and scorched until it cracked. ( Cotterell 11)
Religion: In the text it said, "Confucius encouraged ancestor worship because it strengthened family loyalties." The text also said that a good ruler should be kind to everybody. Confucius also said that a ruler should only use their power unless there is an emergency. (Cotterell 12)
Architecture/ Technology: The text says, " In time, paper and printing dramatically improved communications; gunpowder changed the way in which battles were fought; a harness for draft animals compass..." Some other Chinese inventions were umbrellas, kites, fireworks, porcelain, silk, clockwork, paper money, and the wheelbarrow. All of these inventions eventually made the world a better place. (Cotterell 22)
Government: The text shows the Qin soldiers choosing a leader named Zheng who changed his name to Emperor Qin. In the text it says, " He used his subjects as slave laborers to build the Great Wall and suppressed anyone who disagreed with him." The text also mentions that when he ruled he was harsh and thought he was immortal. (Cotterell 16)
Trade (Commerce): In the text it says, "Chinese merchants amassed large fortunes by exporting luxury goods such as silk, spices, teas, porcelain, and lacquerware." The Silk Road is trade routes that were found across Northern China and Asia. The most successful export during the Silk Road was silk, hence its name. (Cotterell 58)
Location: The text says, " China is the world's oldest continuous civilization. From 221 B.C to A.D 1912, it was united under a single great empire." China also has deserts and mountain ranges. This separates it from the other cultures like India, West Asia, and Europe. (Cotterell 6)
Indus River Valley
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Religion: The website says, "The religion of the ancient Aryans, known as Brahmanism, was polytheistic and heavily influenced by the later development of Hinduism." I know this because they used a sacred writing called the Vedas which is part of Hinduism. For the last part, the Vedas were mainly used to describe the Aryans and their victories. https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans
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